SNiP 31-105-2002 – on energy-efficient frame houses
SNiP is advisory in nature and includes excerpts from other regulatory documents with a link to the full text. Designed based on relevant building regulations in Canada. Adapted to Russian climatic conditions and the domestic materials market.
The document is used for the construction of single-family houses (2-3 floors) with a wooden frame, as well as with or without a heated basement.
The text of SNiP for frame houses covers the following issues:
- general provisions that relate to the design of frame houses, requirements for the materials used, organization of construction (from digging a pit to landscaping), construction control;
- requirements for the construction of foundations, basements and floors on the ground;
- requirements for the design, strength, durability of floors and their fire safety class - the features of individual node connections and the types of materials used are considered ;
- construction and sound insulation of frame house walls;
- roof arrangement taking into account the requirements for its ventilation , protection from moisture and steam, heat transfer resistance;
- features of thermal insulation of a frame house;
- requirements for the exterior decoration of the building;
- design options for window and door openings, taking into account fire safety requirements , ensuring illumination of premises;
- installation of engineering systems.
Also, SNiP for frame housing construction contains Appendices with links to other regulatory documents, tables and notes to them.
Useful: How to lift a frame house for renovation and move it to a new location
Fire extinguishing system for a private home
Automatic security and fire systems are widely used in the private sector. One of the advantages of this type of protection is that the system can be installed both in a building under construction and after it has been put into operation.
There are both expensive electronic fire safety systems that are part of a smart home scheme, as well as cheaper options.
What equipment is designed to protect a home from fire?
Sensors - a fire extinguishing system in a private home will only be effective if a problem is signaled in a timely manner. When carrying out individual housing construction in a cottage community, several types of sensors should be installed: thermal, combined, smoke. If you have a wood stove, you will also need to install a device to detect carbon monoxide leaks.
Alarm system - fire-fighting equipment in country private houses can directly send a fire signal to the emergency services console. This will ensure that a rescue team arrives at the fire site in a timely manner.- The fire hazard class of cottage building structures often has a coefficient of 3-5. This makes country and suburban areas one of the potentially dangerous premises. You can reduce the risk of building destruction by installing an automatic fire extinguishing system.
Development rules make it possible to independently choose contractors who will install fire extinguishing equipment in the house. You should choose a company that has a license and experience in carrying out such work.
Fire safety of electrical equipment
In one-story residential buildings, the main cause of fire is often faulty electrical equipment. As a result of the analysis of fires, the Ministry of Emergency Situations developed a reminder for residents of such buildings. It consists of the following points:
- Do not use cables with damaged insulation. The operation of electrical appliances made by hand or with faults is not recommended.
- Connection to faulty sockets, switches and other electrical devices is not allowed.
- In addition to the automatic circuit breakers, it is necessary to install an RCD, including a fire-fighting type, on the electrical panel.
- It is prohibited to overload the network by using it with a greater load than is allowed according to the technical documentation.
- Installation of electrical wiring and connection of powerful electrical appliances is carried out in accordance with the standards set out in the PUE.
The defining criteria for fire safety technology in the private sector are the following:
- Fire hazard class of the building.
- Availability of fire protection.
- Maintaining gaps between buildings.
- Implementation of organizational fire safety measures.
A representative of the Ministry of Emergency Situations will check whether the constructed building complies with the standards specified in the PPB and SNiP, after which he will sign a document allowing the building to be put into operation.
Other regulatory documents for the construction of frame houses
For the construction of frame houses, highly specialized SNiPs and GOSTs are of no small importance. They regulate the work procedure at a certain stage of construction.
Basic GOSTs
GOST is an internal document that establishes certain quality requirements for certain goods, services or work. However, if several states adopt the corresponding standards, they become interstate .
In the Russian Federation, when constructing frame houses, they rely on the Interstate Standard on the Reliability of Building Structures and Foundations (GOST 27751-2014). It reveals the basic concepts used in this area . These are “reliability of a construction project”, “bearing capacity”, “loads” and many others. Some of them have entire sections dedicated to them.
As for the requirements for the materials used in frame house construction, they are contained in a large number of documents. Some of them:
- GOST 3916.1-96 and 3916.2-96 – about plywood with an outer layer of hardwood and softwood veneer;
- GOST 8486-86E – on lumber from coniferous trees;
- GOST 10632-89 – about chipboards (particle boards);
- GOST 4028-63 – on the design and dimensions of construction nails;
- GOST 16381-77 – on construction thermal insulation materials.
Note! The vast majority of provisions contained in GOSTs apply to manufacturers of goods. At the same time, the information is also important for the end consumer, as it helps to navigate the classifications of building materials and choose only the highest quality ones for a frame house.
Nuances of the location of buildings
We have indicated some basic norms above. The development of a summer cottage site contains a number of disadvantages. The main one is area. It is often very difficult to locate buildings in a limited area. But violating the rules will lead to serious consequences.
IMPORTANT! The minimum size of a land plot suitable for construction is 6 acres.
Practice has shown that the best shape for a summer cottage is square. It is most suitable for compact and comfortable placement of buildings, even when there is a shortage of space. Additional difficulties arise with the location of objects relative to the fence or site boundaries. Difficulties also arise, oddly enough, with drawing up a plan and choosing a project.
On the other hand, buying a large plot of land will not be cheap. Moreover, in the future. Maintaining and maintaining a huge mansion is expensive. On a plot of 6 acres, the maximum allowable size of a country house will be about 130 m2.
What about buildings that have a protruding roof or canopy? Distances up to 0.5 meters are usually not taken into account. This protrusion does not create any inconvenience.
For the report, you can select a wall or a plinth, if available. At a distance of more than 0.5 meters, take the edge of the protrusion as the end point. For example, a canopy 0.7 meters long. Accordingly, the fence should be installed taking into account the additional size.
A parking space for a car usually occupies up to 1/4 of the total area. This also includes paths. Although the documents regulate the building density for a plot of 6 acres to no more than 30%.
The “red line” is the boundary that separates public buildings from country houses. If the house is located on a full-fledged street, then the distance should not exceed 5 meters. The minimum boundary is delineated at 3 meters.
Let us pay attention to the SNiP in force in 2020, which regulates engineering equipment:
- It is prohibited to place gas cylinders on the site. In the house, in the absence of central provision, a single copy with a volume of no more than 12 liters is allowed.
- An electricity meter must be installed in the main building.
- The standards require the presence of a drain to avoid rainwater from entering the neighboring area.
As for the cellar or basement. It is prohibited for construction under a bathhouse or barn. It should be located under the country house. The height of the basement is at least 2.2 m.
Construction standards oblige citizens to have a radio in their summer cottage. This is done for timely notification during emergency situations.
Apartment building snip
Advice from lawyers:
1. At what distance from an apartment building can you park a car according to SNiP.
1.1. Dear Elena, Kamensk-Shakhtinsky! According to SNiP 30-01. Parking in the courtyard of residential buildings differs into GUEST and INDIVIDUAL. Guest rooms are NOT assigned to specific owners, as their name suggests, not only all residents of the house have access to them, but also their guests and citizens who simply decided to park their car in the yard. The total parking area is subject to building codes and regulations - 0.8 sq.m per resident. In this case, the minimum size of one parking space should be 11.5 sq.m. The location of cars in the yard is also strictly regulated. The distance from the parking lot to the facade of the residential building must be at least 10 m if the parking lot can accommodate up to 10 cars, and up to 15 m if it can accommodate 11-50 cars. The issue of parking in the courtyard of a residential building can be resolved at the General Meeting of the Owners of the premises of this residential building (Article 44 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation). I wish you good luck Vladimir Nikolaevich Ufa 08/10/2015
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2. The tenant leased non-residential premises for a small bakery, having carried out additional work and installed a ventilation and air intake on the roof, at the level of the second floor. There is no agreement with the owners of the apartment buildings. What articles of the Housing Code and SNiP were violated by the tenant when setting up a mini-bakery in the rented premises?
2.1. Here the main thing is broken. He must have had permission from the management company and a decision from the general meeting of owners. Sincerely.
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3. Please explain. The heating pipe riser runs 1 meter from the corner of the living room, and not flush with the heating register, which significantly reduces the living space (i.e. the pipe from the heating register does not run parallel to the wall, but makes a bend and enters the floor and then one floor below distance of 1 meter from the corner of the apartment) This is a violation of SNIPs when laying heating pipes in an apartment building. Thank you. Alexei. 'Information from the legal social network https://www.9111.ru was used'
3.1. If “This is a violation of SNIPs when laying heating pipes in an apartment building”
- contact the Criminal Code with a claim, and then, probably, go to court (in case of refusal by the Criminal Code)
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4. Please explain. The heating pipe riser runs 1 meter from the corner of the living room, and not flush with the heating register, which significantly reduces the living space (i.e. the pipe from the heating register does not run parallel to the wall, but makes a bend and enters the floor and then one floor below distance of 1 meter from the corner of the apartment) This is a violation of SNIPs when laying heating pipes in an apartment building. Thank you. Alexei. 'Information from the legal social network https://www.9111.ru was used'
4.1. Weird question. It is possible that it is a violation, but in any case it is permissible if the house itself was accepted for use.
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5. Under the guise of landscaping the local area, MK approved a project with parking lots under the windows, without protecting our existing parking lots along the edges of MK from adjacent houses... No SNiPs are taken into account, because the name of the parking lots is “guest parking”.
5.1. Good afternoon, Marianna! You need to write a statement to the prosecutor's office and the administration of your municipality, preferably a collective one.
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6. We have a multi-storey apartment building. there was an office on the ground floor. Now they have created a funeral service bureau. With banner ads. Does this work legally and SNiP 01/31/2003 now?
6.1. Good afternoon. SNiP 01/31/2003 valid.
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7. A bakery is being built near a residential apartment building; the distance from the foundation of the house to the building is less than 20 m + this was the only fire access to the house from the rear side, but the city administration sold the land and gave permission in violation of SanPiN SNiP and fire safety standards, where can you go (except prosecutor's office) with a request to check the deal and the construction permit.
7.1. Appeal the administration's actions in court.
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8. What to do if the current repairs of the common property of the apartment building are carried out in violation of SNiP.
8.1. Hello, You need to record all the shortcomings, write a complaint to the housing inspection, so that the inspector checks and validates all the shortcomings, issues an order. I wish you good luck and all the best!
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9. Neighbors smoking smells terrible. The house is an apartment building with a chimney pipe, according to SNiP, it looks like it is shared and the neighbors do not have isolated rooms; they smoke in their kitchen and bathroom. Can I sue?
9.1. Hello! It is possible, but it is doubtful in terms of prospects.
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10. A 3-story garage cooperative with 60 boxes was erected 3 meters from our five-story apartment building. Three floors of our apartment building have been blocked. All possible authorities write us unsubscribes in response to our complaints and requests. We need to understand what standards have been violated: Sanitary-Epidemiological, SNIPs, lighting standards, fire clearances, etc.?
10.1. Hello. Only construction and technical expertise can answer your questions.
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10.2. Good afternoon It is possible that urban planning standards have been violated. To establish the presence/absence of violations, you must contact the municipal control department with an application to conduct an inspection of the availability of a building permit and compliance with land use and development rules. After such an inspection, depending on its results, you have the right to go to court.
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11. Where can you complain if SNiPs were violated during the construction of an apartment building.
11.1. Hello. To the state construction supervision. In Yoshkar-Ola it is located in the building of the Marigrazhdanproekt Institute on Pobedy Boulevard.
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12. Can a funeral services store be located in an apartment building on the 1st floor in a non-residential premises according to SNiP 31-01-2003 clause 4.10
12.1. SanPiN 2.1.2882-11 “Hygienic requirements for the placement, arrangement and maintenance of cemeteries, buildings and structures for funeral purposes.” Clause 2.10: “The distance from buildings and structures containing premises for storing the bodies of the deceased, preparing them for funerals, holding a farewell ceremony, to residential buildings must be at least 50 meters.” HOWEVER: The restriction regarding the placement of funeral service shops on the ground floors of public utility institutions, within residential buildings in separate areas, at a distance of at least 50 m from residential buildings, has become invalid in the new rules. Sincerely, lawyer in Moscow - Stepanov Vadim Igorevich.
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13. I live in an apartment building. The service organization, on the basis of the minutes of the general meeting, removes the internal water supply system of the house to the street and the outer wall of the house; it is cheaper; they have the right to do this, because the minutes of the general meeting must be considered in the legal field in accordance. With SNIP.
13.1. Hello. That's right. You should file a complaint with the housing inspector.
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14. Here the following agenda arose: the heated basement in the apartment building, the heating pipes, hot water supply and hot water supply are not insulated. We would like to write a letter to the Management Company about pipe insulation in accordance with Federal Law dated November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ (as amended on July 3, 2016) and SNiP 41-03-2003. You need to write your letter correctly!
14.1. Hello, Valery. You have the right to choose a lawyer at your own discretion and enter into an agreement with him to write an application for insulation of pipes in your house.
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14.2. Hello, the law does not require a mandatory form when composing this letter. Write as a complaint that you will go to court if measures are not taken to improve the quality of the provided public services, art. 29 of the Russian Federation Law and Regulations - link to this article.
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15. I live in a private house; next door there is a 3-story apartment building. The Ministry of Emergency Situations provided a report in which the SNiP standards were violated; there is less than 10 meters between our wooden house and a 3-storey building. Also, their house was built 80 centimeters from our fence. Tell me what to do? The judge is completely on their side and doesn’t even give us a word. We ask that they provide a plan of their house on which we will see the stretch from the house to our fence, but the defendant does not bring this plan.
15.1. Hello, Evgeniy! If the distance from a multi-storey building to your fence is 80 cm, then of course this is a violation of SNiP and Fire Safety Rules. But in order to defend your rights, you need the help of a competent lawyer who will defend your rights. Otherwise you will lose, because... The developers have very competent lawyers.
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16. To what court and against whom should we sue if the major repairs of the common property of the apartment building were carried out in violation of SNiP, and the Contractor and the FC Customer, without recognizing the obvious, are preparing to put the facility into operation?
16.1. Article 28 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation Filing a claim at the place of residence or location of the defendant... A claim against an organization is filed in court at the location of the organization. The claim is filed in the federal district court having jurisdiction.
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17. Along our 2-story apartment building in New Moscow, they plan to build a four-lane road, at a distance of 5-10 meters from the facade, protecting it with noise shields. Now it is possible to approach the house only from the side where the road will pass, therefore there will be no access to the house and no parking. Are the contractor's actions legal? And what distance, according to the updated SNiP (SP), should be from the facade of the house to the road?
17.1. You can submit an Application (2 copies) to the Prosecutor's Office, the main thing is that your copy is stamped with a seal, input. No. and signature, if they refuse to accept it, you can send the Application by registered mail with notification and inventory. Article 10 of the Federal Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”. Consideration and resolution of applications, complaints and other appeals in the prosecutor's office 1. The prosecutor's office, in accordance with their powers, resolves statements, complaints and other appeals containing information about violations of laws. The decision made by the prosecutor does not prevent a person from going to court to protect his rights. A decision on an appeal against a sentence, decision, determination and order of the court can only be appealed to a higher prosecutor. 2. Applications, complaints and other appeals received by the prosecutor's office are considered in the manner and within the time limits established by federal legislation. 3. The response to an application, complaint or other appeal must be motivated. If the application or complaint is refused, the applicant must be explained the procedure for appealing the decision, as well as the right to go to court, if provided by law. 4. The prosecutor, in accordance with the procedure established by law, takes measures to bring to justice persons who have committed offenses. 5. It is prohibited to forward a complaint to the body or official whose decisions or actions are being appealed.
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18. There is a local area of an apartment building through which a local highway may be built. Those. the road will pass right under the windows of our house. What laws/regulations/SNiPs can I use to defend my local area? Arguments are needed for public hearings on the construction of this road. Thank you!
18.1. Clause 7 art. 98 123-FZ: The distance from the edge of the roadway or a planned surface allowing the passage of fire trucks to the walls of buildings with a height of no more than 12 meters should be no more than 25 meters, with a building height of more than 12, but not more than 28 meters - no more than 8 meters , and with a building height of more than 28 meters - no more than 10 meters. Next - SP 4.13130.2013, in which NOT less than 5 m, and 1.5 m is less than 5 m.
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19. In the basement floor of an apartment building there is a dance school-studio, which is a direct violation of SNiP 01/31/2003 “RESIDENTIAL MULTIPLE APARTMENT BUILDINGS” (SP 54.13330.2011), clause 4.10. Constant noise and vibration interfere with normal life. With the participation of Rospotrebnadzor, we managed to reduce the level to the norm, but it’s still uncomfortable! What can be done in this situation and where is the best place to turn? Thanks in advance! Andrey.
19.1. If there are violations of SNiP, then you have every reason to appeal to the Court with a demand to close the specified dance school.
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20. Please tell me what the minimum distance should be (based on the totality of existing sanitary, construction, safety, etc. standards) between the facades of apartment buildings and public transport stops? In this case, the context of any document on this topic is interesting, with the exception of SNiP 2.07.01-89. Thank you!
20.1. Good afternoon You need to contact the administration in writing; such standards are established by the region. For clarification, you can receive a written answer through their website. There is no established application form. It is written in free form, outlining and explaining the circumstances of the case. From whom, your address and telephone number, to whom (full name or name of organization, position), what, where, when, what you are asking for or what you want to know... Date, signature.
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Can they be forced to dismantle a chimney in an apartment building built in 1917?
Can we be forced to dismantle the chimney if it was installed back in 1997?
In an apartment building of the Khrushchev type in the far north, there is no heating radiator on the 1st floor in the vestibule of the building at the entrance to the entrance,
Is it legal for a massage parlor to operate on the ground floor of a residential building after 11:00 pm?
On the private housing plot adjacent to mine, a neighbor built a townhouse (apartment building).
In which apartment buildings is a freight elevator installed? Is it necessary to install it above the 6th floor? According to what SNiP?
Is it necessary to install 2 elevators in an apartment building? Is a freight elevator required above the 6th floor? According to what SNIP?
Are the actions of the owner legal (an individual entrepreneur rents out space for a store in a residential apartment building)
The management company requires the residents of our house to carry out work on installing a water separation (sewage) system.
The management company requires the residents of our house to carry out work on installing a water separation (sewage) system.
The management company requires the residents of our house to carry out work on installing a water separation (sewage) system.
