Chapter V. CAPITAL AND CURRENT REPAIRS OF MAIN EQUIPMENT OF A POWER PLANT, ELECTRICAL NETWORKS AND EXTERNAL LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS ORDER of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR dated 02.15.78 N 88 “ON APPROVAL AND ENTERING INTO EFFECT”

This is how business in Russia works, that in order to properly maintain records and calculate taxes, an accountant constantly has to take on unusual functions and master “related” professions. But if accountants are accustomed to being “a little bit of a lawyer” and “a little bit of a personnel specialist,” then the need to become “a little bit of a builder” turns out to be unexpected. And such a need arises, and it is connected with a very common situation - renovation work in the office. After all, their tax accounting depends on the correct classification of the work performed. And in some cases - the very opportunity to take such expenses into account when taxing. In addition, sometimes correctly qualifying a job is also important for civil law relations. Let's look at these situations in more detail.

Repairs in rented premises

According to the general rule, stated in Article 616 of the Civil Code, when renting property, responsibilities for its repair are distributed as follows: current repairs are the responsibility of the tenant, and major repairs remain with the lessor. Usually, when leasing office real estate, these rules remain unchanged, since the lease terms are most often short, and it is inappropriate to shift major repairs to the tenant (and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allows this).

In such a situation, the accountant of the organization renting the premises, when carrying out repairs, needs to clearly understand what kind of work relates to the current repair. After all, if an organization “accidentally” carries out major repairs, there may be problems with taking into account expenses for tax purposes, since the tenant had no obligation to carry out such repairs. Consequently, the expenses may be considered unjustified (Article 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The situation is similar for the landlord. Here it is important to understand which of the tenant’s requirements for repairs must be met, because these requirements relate to major repairs, and which requirements are not justified. Accordingly, for the landlord, the tax accounting of repair costs will depend on the correct answer to this question.

Repair or modernization

Another point when an accountant has to operate in construction terms is related to the peculiarities of accounting for modernization (completion, retrofitting, reconstruction). Indeed, in contrast to repairs, the costs of which are taken into account at a time (Article 260 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), expenses for such activities are written off through depreciation (clause 2 of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

At the same time, the legislator made an attempt to remove possible questions and gave definitions of completion, reconstruction and modernization in the Tax Code (see box).

Definitions from the Tax Code of the Russian Federation

According to Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation: Work on completion, additional equipment, and modernization includes work caused by a change in the technological or service purpose of equipment, a building, structure or other object of depreciable fixed assets, increased loads and (or) other new qualities. For the purposes of this chapter, reconstruction includes the reconstruction of existing fixed assets associated with the improvement of production and the increase of its technical and economic indicators and carried out under the project for the reconstruction of fixed assets in order to increase production capacity, improve quality and change the range of products. Technical re-equipment includes a set of measures to improve the technical and economic indicators of fixed assets or their individual parts based on the introduction of advanced equipment and technology, mechanization and automation of production, modernization and replacement of obsolete and physically worn-out equipment with new, more productive ones.

But, it should be admitted with regret that these definitions turned out to be of a rather general nature; Based on them, it is often difficult to attribute specific work to modernization. Considering the cost of repair (modernization) work, the cost of an error here is quite high. And in both directions: if the modernization is incorrectly classified as a repair, the organization will face additional charges, penalties and fines. And in the opposite situation - losses due to overpaid income tax.

So in this case, it would be a good idea for the accountant to refer to the repair criteria and once again make sure that the work performed is (or is not) a modernization.

Documents and definitions

So where can an accountant get information about which specific construction works are considered current repairs, which are major repairs, and which are considered modernization? The list of relevant sources is given in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 23, 2006 No. 03-03-04/1/794. When resolving the issue of classifying work as construction, the financial department recommends relying on the following documents:

Regulations on carrying out scheduled preventative repairs of industrial buildings and structures MDS 13-14.2000, approved by Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated December 29, 1973 No. 279;
Departmental Construction Standards (VSN) No. 58-88 (R) “Regulations on the organization and implementation of reconstruction, repair and maintenance of buildings, municipal and socio-cultural facilities” (approved by Order of the State Committee for Architecture under the USSR State Construction Committee dated November 23, 1988 No. 312) ;
Letter of the USSR Ministry of Finance dated May 29, 1984 No. 80 “On the definition of the concepts of new construction, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.”

On our own behalf, we would add that the general document on this topic is the Town Planning Code, and in controversial situations you can seek advice from the relevant ministry - the Ministry of Construction of Russia. Specialists from this department, just like specialists from the Ministry of Finance, are required to respond in writing to requests from organizations.

Cheat sheets

It is clear that studying all the above documents requires a huge amount of time. Therefore, we have prepared special cheat sheets, using which you can quickly understand what kind of work has been done in your case. There are three such cheat sheets. One cheat sheet contains lists of works with their breakdown by type. The other is based on definitions given in various regulations. It contains general concepts that make it possible to understand the type of work “at the top level.” The third cheat sheet, dedicated to modernization, stands apart in this series. It contains signs of modernization and explanations for them.

When working with our cheat sheets, we suggest using the following algorithm.

First, based on the “modernization” cheat sheet, we decide whether our work relates to repair or whether it is a modernization.

Then, having made sure that we are talking about repairs, we must try to find the types of work being performed in the first table and, based on this, determine which repairs - current or major - they relate to.

If the necessary work is not in the first cheat sheet, then we turn to the second and try to apply the deductive method, extending the general definition to our private work.

Major renovation of apartment buildings

Oh, this is a major renovation of apartment buildings! This is probably one of the most heatedly discussed topics in the housing and communal services sector in recent years. How many copies have already been broken between the consumer community and regulatory authorities on the issues of the amount of contributions for major repairs, the priority of apartment buildings for such repairs and the list of work that must be carried out.

The following questions cause confusion among residents:

1) For pensioners, it is not clear why they should pay for major repairs, which, according to the plan, should be carried out in 15 or 20 years?

2) Should residents of new buildings and new houses pay for major repairs of an apartment building?

3) Why was our apartment building included in the overhaul plan for 2028, and the neighboring building - for 2020? That is, the procedure for determining the priority of major repairs raises questions.

4) For residents who are planning to move to another apartment or another house, the question will be relevant: where will the money go that we paid for major repairs when moving?

5) How to control that the money that residents pay for major repairs is not simply stolen?

6) How to control the quality of the repairs being carried out when the time finally comes for it?

7) Who should I ask and who regulates all these issues?

Is it possible to reduce the amount of payment for major repairs of an apartment building?

In order to try to understand all these issues, offer options for the optimal solution to the situation regarding major repairs directly in your apartment building, and also talk about legal methods of reducing the amount of fees for major repairs, we are posting here Expert advice and their answers to the main questions of major repairs repair.

General basics of major repairs: what is its procedure, program and schedule Find out why major repairs will be carried out in your apartment building only after 10 years, and in the next exactly the same one - next year. What does this depend on? How can you find out what will be included in the upcoming major renovation program for your home? Find out the answer here.

Administrator01/27/2017

List of works for major repairs of apartment buildings

In some apartment buildings the roof is leaking, and in others the old elevators have long been in need of repair. How to determine what list of works can be carried out as part of a major overhaul in your apartment building? What is included in the overhaul program - see here.

Administrator01/27/2017

To pay or not for major repairs of an apartment building

Is it possible not to pay fees for major repairs of an apartment building? Maybe you have such a right, but you didn’t know? Find out exactly who is obliged to pay for major repairs of apartment buildings in this article

Administrator01/26/2017

What is the established procedure for carrying out major repairs of common property of apartment buildings?

What specific work must be carried out and what is the procedure for carrying it out when the established deadlines for major repairs occur?

Administrator01/26/2017

Should I pay for major repairs in a new house, contributions for major repairs in new buildings?

Here you will find out how, from the legal point of view, things stand regarding payment for major repairs in newly built houses. Should apartment owners in such buildings pay or not?

Administrator01/26/2017

Who determines the priority of capital repairs of apartment buildings in the regional capital repair program

Here you can find out why your house was included in the capital repair program later than the neighboring one, and in general on what principle this program is formed

Administrator01/26/2017

Who is the regional operator of the capital repair fund for apartment buildings?

Regional overhaul operator... A complex name, but quite clear responsibilities and goals of his work. Do you also want to know who the regional operator is? Read the article

Administrator01/26/2017

What options are there for paying contributions for major repairs?

You regularly receive invoices for the payment of contributions for major repairs. And you regularly pay for them without even learning about the existing other options for paying contributions for major repairs. Read this article and fill this knowledge gap

Administrator01/26/2017

What benefits are there for paying contributions for major repairs (overhaul)

Who has benefits in Russia for paying for major repairs? Do you belong to the category of beneficiaries? How to get a benefit for major repairs? Read the answers here

Administrator01/25/2017

Funds for capital repairs of common property of apartment buildings

Most pay their dues for major repairs on time and monthly. The overhaul itself may be in the plans only in a few years. And who is responsible for the safety and intended use of the funds we contributed? Answers here

Administrator01/25/2017

Law on capital repairs of apartment buildings

Which regulatory act regulates the issues of capital repairs of apartment buildings and where can I download the text of this law?

Administrator01/25/2017

"Modernization" cheat sheet

The main and fundamental difference between modernization, addition, reconstruction and repair is that it changes the operational performance of the building. For example, the capacity of engineering communications increases, corridors are expanded, and the like. That is, the building receives new properties, and its characteristics are qualitatively improved.

But it must be taken into account that the operational performance of a building may change during major (and even sometimes during current!) repairs. Therefore, it is important to take into account two more indicators: the scale of change and the goal. Thus, during repairs, improved performance is always a side effect associated with the use of modern materials and (or) technologies. This effect is not the purpose of the work being carried out and is optional. And in scale, such improvements are not comparable with the scale of all the work being carried out; in the estimate and schedule they do not occupy a leading role.

During reconstruction and modernization, on the contrary, improving performance is the main goal of the work carried out. They determine not only the choice of materials and technologies for carrying out work, but also the very need for this work. Accordingly, if the estimate and schedule for reconstruction and modernization contain some work related to repairs, then they are only secondary, caused by the need and type of modernization.

Thus, modernization (reconstruction, addition) can be distinguished from repair by the documents that are drawn up in connection with the work: technical specifications, justification, estimates, schedules, contracts. During modernization, the red thread in all these documents will be quality indicators. And during repairs - quantitative.

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It turns out that the entire package of documents testified to the alleged major repairs of the apartment building No. 154 on the embankment. can. Griboyedov in St. Petersburg and, according to the Administration of St. Petersburg, was destroyed many years ago, was in the prosecutor's office of St. Petersburg and was provided to Alexander for review on February 25, 2014, on the third day of familiarization with the materials of supervisory proceedings 7-3177-2011 on appeals addressed to the prosecutor of St. Petersburg Litvinenko Sergei Ivanovich.

One of the main problems that Alexander Skurkis brings to the attention of the authorities and the public is the situation related not only to the large-scale falsification by current officials of the Administration of St. Petersburg of the election of management companies in the Admiralteysky district of the city, but also to the conduct by them, officials and commercial structures affiliated with them in the housing and communal services sector, supposedly “major repairs” of apartment buildings. This topic is now relevant for the entire population of Russia, because in the coming years the cost of “major repairs” is going to be imposed on homeowners.

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Cheat sheet by type of work

Maintenance*

Major renovation**

sealing and filling joints, seams, cracks

resumption of plastering of all premises

restoration in some places of the lining of the foundation walls from the basements and plinths

replacement of existing and installation of new technological equipment in buildings

re-laying of individual sections of brick walls up to 2 sq.m.

renovation of built-in premises in buildings

elimination of local deformations by re-lining and strengthening walls

insulation and noise protection of buildings

insulation of freezing sections of walls in individual rooms

repair of plaster in the amount of more than 10% of the total plastered surface

restoration of individual walls, lintels, cornices

production of design and estimate documentation

partial replacement or strengthening of individual elements of wooden floors

changing the roof structure

strengthening the elements of the wooden rafter system, including changing individual rafter legs, racks, struts, sections of purlins, sheathing.

equipment of attic spaces for use

elimination of dampness, airflow

transfer of the existing power supply network to increased voltage

cleaning ventilation ducts and exhaust devices

installation of automatic fire protection and smoke removal systems

repair of ventilation ducts and exhaust devices

partial re-laying (up to 10%), as well as strengthening of stone foundations and basement walls, not associated with the superstructure of the building or additional loads from newly installed equipment

antiseptic protection of wooden structures

repair of existing drains around the building

fire protection of wooden structures

sealing cracks in brick or stone walls, clearing furrows, and bandaging seams with old masonry

strengthening and replacing drainpipes

repair, replacement and replacement of worn partitions with more advanced designs of all types of partitions

strengthening and replacement of small coverings of architectural elements along the facade

partial or complete replacement of rafters

cleaning the roof from snow and ice

partial (over 10% of the total roof area) or complete replacement or replacement of all types of roofing

replacement, restoration of individual elements, partial replacement of window, door stained glass or showcase fillings (wooden, metal, etc.)

partial (more than 10% of the total floor area in the building) or complete replacement of all types of floors and their bases

replacement of individual sections of pipelines, shut-off and control valves

repair or replacement of interfloor ceilings

changing sections of heating devices, shut-off and control valves

replacement and strengthening of all types of stairs and their individual elements

replacement of individual sections of flooring.

continuous anti-corrosion painting of metal structures

restoration of destroyed sections of sidewalks, driveways, paths and platforms

repair and renewal of cladding with an area of more than 10% of the cladding surface

punching (sealing) holes, sockets, grooves.

continuous painting with stable compounds.

replacement of individual sections of blind areas around the perimeter of buildings

partial or complete replacement of air ducts

restoration of the building layout.

change of fans, heaters, filters

replacement of individual appliances (cisterns, toilets, washbasins, sinks, urinals, drinking fountains, water taps)

partial or complete replacement of ventilation ducts

change of individual sections of electrical wiring (up to 10%).

replacement of worn-out sections of the electrical network (more than 10%)

all types of plastering and painting works in all premises

changing safety shields

* The most common types of work are given. For a complete list of works, see Appendix 7 of VSN No. 58-88(r) and Appendix 3 to Regulation No. 279 (approved by Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee dated December 29, 1973 No. 279). ** The most common types of work are given. For a complete list of works, see Appendix 9 of the VSN No. 58-88(r), as well as Appendix 8 to Regulation No. 279 (approved by Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee dated December 29, 1973 No. 279).

Residential building power supply rules

The location for the distribution panel (built-in or mounted) should be convenient, dry, and not prone to flooding.
The shield should be located no closer than 1 meter from gas and water pipes (PUE - 7.1.28).
Without waterproofing, it is prohibited to place a shield over a bathhouse, bathroom, or kitchen (PUE - 7.1.29).
For combustible walls, shields are made fireproof.
Separate distribution devices can be installed in garages, utility rooms, workshops and for street lighting (PUE - 7.1.22).

Wiring along the walls (inside and outside) is laid vertically or horizontally, without coming into contact with metal structures.
Switches are installed 60-140 cm from the floor. When opened, the door does not interfere with access to them. The wire is laid from top to bottom.
The distance from the floor to the sockets is 50-80 cm. The wire is pulled from the bottom up. One socket per 6 m2 is recommended, not counting the kitchen. There are no sockets in the toilet. The sockets must be at least 50 cm away from heating appliances, gas stoves, and electric sockets.
Distribution wires and careful insulation are provided for wire connections.

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Definitions cheat sheet

Type of repair/regulatory regulations

VSN

Regulation 279

Town Planning Code

Capital

Restoring the life of a building, replacing, if necessary, structural elements and engineering equipment systems, as well as improving operational performance

Replacing worn-out structures and parts of buildings and structures or replacing them with stronger and more economical ones that improve the operational capabilities of the objects being repaired, with the exception of the complete replacement or replacement of the main structures, the service life of which is the longest (stone and concrete foundations, all types of walls and their frames, pipes of underground networks, bridge supports, etc.) – clause 3.11

Replacement and (or) restoration of building structures of capital construction projects or their elements (with the exception of load-bearing structures), systems and networks of engineering support, as well as replacement of individual elements of load-bearing building structures with similar or other indicators that improve them and (or) restoration of the specified elements (clause 14.2 art. 1)

Current

Restoring the serviceability (operability) of structures and systems of engineering equipment of a building, as well as maintaining its operational performance

Systematic and timely protection of parts of buildings and structures and engineering equipment from premature wear by carrying out preventive measures and eliminating minor damage and malfunctions - clause 3.4

Ensuring the proper technical condition of buildings and structures. In particular, maintaining parameters of stability, reliability of buildings, structures, serviceability of building structures, systems and networks of engineering support, their elements in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations, design documentation (Part 8 of Article 55.24)

Questions and answers on the topic

Is a project required to overhaul the power supply of the microdistrict?

Yes, therefore, even without delving into the regulations, you can say that the project will be required. The issue of approving the project with Rostechnadzor most likely will not arise (most likely), but the issue of examination (state examination) of the project is a very pressing issue, and we need to focus on this.

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According to urban planning, design documentation is required. At least to the extent that drawings and diagrams are needed. At least in the form of a working draft. And moreover, commissioning is needed as a separate section of the estimate documentation. And commissioning is confirmed by a measurement protocol from a licensed laboratory. This is ideal. If it’s reconstruction, then there’s also an examination of the design documentation.

Answer

The costs of repairing low voltage cable networks of 0.4 kV (by replacing the cable by laying it in the ground) should be reflected under expense type element 243.

As a rule, current repairs mean the maintenance of fixed assets to maintain them in working condition (clause 8 of Article 55.24 of the Civil Code). Major repairs involve the replacement or restoration of basic elements - parts, structures, etc. (clauses 14.2, 14.3 of Article 1 of the Civil Code). The institution independently determines which repairs are current and which are capital. It should be noted that issues of classifying work as major or current repairs do not fall within the competence of the accounting (financial) service of a state (municipal) institution and can finally be resolved only by the relevant technical specialists. The basis for determining the types of restoration work should be the relevant documents developed by the technical services of organizations within the framework of the system of scheduled preventive maintenance. This was stated in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 14, 2004 No. 16-00-14/10.

In accordance with Appendix 8 “Regulations on carrying out planned preventative repairs of industrial buildings and structures” dated December 29, 1973 No. 13-14.2000, 279, repair of low voltage cable networks 0.4 kV (by replacing the cable by laying it in the ground) is more correctly classified as for a major overhaul. Therefore, reflect expenses by element of expense type 243.

Home drainage system

Advice from lawyers:

1. A private house has an unauthorized connection to the sewerage system. How will payment for sewerage services be calculated if this violation is detected? Is it possible to legalize this connection?

1.1. There is enough detail about this - for example, here: More >>> Legal, without the consent of the water utility - no.

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Consultation on your issue

Calls from landlines and mobiles are free throughout Russia

2. In 2020, we learned that in 2008, the St. Petersburg Housing Committee allocated budget money for the target program on a capital basis. repair of water and heat supply systems and drainage systems in our house. The pipes have not actually been replaced (until now). Is it possible to submit an application to the prosecutor's office? Is there a statute of limitations in this case? What is it?

2.1. Yes, there is no statute of limitations when submitting an application to the prosecutor’s office to conduct an inspection of your application (you need to indicate this - please conduct an inspection!)

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2.2. You can contact the prosecutor's office with a complaint to have an investigation carried out. So you certainly have this right.

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3. The question is not a simple plumber - a plumber of a housing and communal organization, how does he work with hot water supply systems and hot water supply systems of apartment buildings, sometimes with drainage systems? What harmful factor should be taken into account when certifying working conditions and referrals for medical examinations? If clause 2.4. Appendix 1 to the order of the Ministry of Health 302, then quarantine and measures should be established in the housing stock?!

3.1. Formulate your question more specifically so that lawyers can answer it competently. Lawyers do not have all the information and cannot guess what your situation is and what exactly interests you. You need to familiarize yourself not only with clause 2.4, but with the entire document Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 N 302 n (as amended on February 6, 2018) “On approval of lists of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and work, during the performance of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, and the Procedure for conducting mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of workers engaged in heavy work and work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions" (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 21, 2011 N 22111)

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4. My upper balcony sill fell off. The house is 6 years old, the warranty period of the house has expired. The management company told me that its restoration would be at the expense of the owner. Who should restore the low tide anyway? It belongs to the general house drainage system and its absence will lead to the gradual destruction of the facade of the entire building. Thank you.

4.1. Hello! Contact the State Housing Inspectorate or the municipal housing inspectorate to conduct an inspection. The Criminal Code will issue an order and oblige the low tide to be restored.

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5. I am the owner of an apartment in a two-flat residential building, except for centralized heating there are no utilities (i.e. there is no water supply or sewerage, no fees for maintenance and repairs of housing, etc.). Who is responsible for preparing the heating system for the heating season? I or the heating organization?

5.1. This is the owner's responsibility.

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6. A hemodialysis building is being erected 9 meters from the walls of a 60-apartment building. QUESTIONS: 1.Where to complain and what standards to refer to? 2. What should be the drainage system in such a medical facility? center (they simply dug a hole under our windows and placed a concrete tank in it)? 3. Is such a neighborhood allowed in a residential neighborhood? Thanks for the help.

6.1. Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” provides for the total width of the fire passage combined with the main entrance to the building, structure and structure. Thus, the distance from the inner edge of the entrance to the wall of the building, structure and structure should be: for buildings with a height of no more than 28 meters - no more than 8 meters; for buildings with a height of more than 28 meters - no more than 16 meters. In your case, if the construction of a new building violates your rights, you have the right to contact the district prosecutor's office with a request to check all construction documentation and respect the rights of residents living in neighboring houses.

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7. I would like to clarify the boundaries of the engineering systems of an apartment building, namely drainage, whether the house should repair the pipe after it leaves the house to the collector, thank you.

7.1. In this case, an examination will help to establish the boundaries of responsibility.

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8. The Gorvodokanal offered an agreement for the installation of a wastewater meter in a sewer manhole near the house. A cold water supply meter is installed in the house. The contract also stipulates the declaration and laboratory tests that I need to submit to the city water utility. Water consumption and sewerage have always been paid for under a contract for private residential buildings with a centralized system. I believe that the new agreement is intended for production and enterprises.

8.1. Good afternoon. Owners of private residential buildings enter into a single agreement for water supply and sanitation and installation of meters on receiving devices is not provided, since the calculation of sanitation is based on the readings of hot water supply meters. If you have concluded a single agreement, then the requirement to conclude an additional agreement is illegal. If they insist, send a complaint to the prosecutor's office.

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9. During a major overhaul of external drainage networks, the contractor disrupted the operation of the drainage system of an apartment building (filled up the drainage well. The compulsory health insurance company signed certificates of completion of the work to the contractor and paid for the work. After this, the basement of the house is constantly flooded with groundwater. Can the compulsory health insurance company be required to restore the drainage system of the house ?

9.1. It is quite possible to win such a claim on the merits. If you collect enough evidence both of causing harm and confirming the cause-and-effect relationship between flooding and backfilling of the well (this is mainly the conclusions of experts).

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10. The neighbors below are complaining about a leak in the drainage system, which is located in my kitchen (a section of an old cast-iron pipe is concreted in the floor of my kitchen, apparently during the construction of the house). The management company says it is a paid service, replacement of the drain. I want to understand this issue in more detail, about the post. 491 p. 5 I know...

10.1. — Hello dear visitor, of course, this is a paid service and ONLY the owner of the apartment should fix the leak. Good luck to you and all the best, with respect, lawyer Legostaeva A.V.

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11. In a private house, in addition to the main water meter, a water meter for watering the site is installed and registered by the resource supplying organization, but when making accruals, the organization charges water drainage to the watering cubes, although this water does not enter the drainage system, in what regulatory act should we seek protection?

11.1. In no way, except for the jurisprudence of higher courts. This can be proven in court technically (by ordering an inspection, examination, etc.). First, write an application for recalculation for the entire accrual period in this column. This is purely my opinion, which can either be confirmed or refuted by my colleagues.

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12. A house for two owners, each owns ½ share, the plot also has ½ share. How to register your part of the house? There are: 1. Agreement from 2 owners. 2. technical plan of the house, which states that the object consists of two blocks for one family, has an independent heating system, electricity supply and sanitation, has a common wall without openings between each other, each part is fenced and has its own separate entrance. 3. Title documents for the house and land.

12.1. Hello. Move into something separate - an apartment, for example. And register the right. All the best. Thank you for choosing our site.

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13. The heating and plumbing system was overhauled in our house. Since I did this work myself 3 years ago, how can I file a claim with the company for a refund according to their estimate?

13.1. Hello! It is enough to make a claim in any form, indicating all the circumstances. Good luck to you and all the best!

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Calls from landlines and mobiles are free throughout Russia

14. We need your advice regarding the unauthorized shutdown of our sewage system in a private house for two owners by neighbors, although this drainage system was originally provided for.

14.1. You need to go to court under Art. 304 Civil Code.

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14.2. Alexander, if your neighbors disconnect, write a complaint to the police.

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15. How to properly submit an application to the management company for sewage and groundwater entering the basement of an apartment building due to the lack of a foundation drainage system.

15.1. Hello. Write a Complaint about poor quality services in your own words.

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16. Our house is not connected to the central sewer system, and our 2 houses have a local treatment plant installed. Is it legal for housing and communal services to bill us for wastewater disposal if water from VOCs flows into a nearby river.

16.1. No, it's not legal. Write an application, attach supporting documents about the installation of the OS, and demand the cancellation of invoices for services not provided.

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17. In 2011 we installed a water meter. Without knowing the law, they paid money for sealing (the receipt was preserved) A month ago, we completed a major renovation of an apartment building. The drainage and cold water supply systems were replaced (naturally, the seals in each apartment were broken by the craftsmen). Now they are demanding money from us for resealing. Can I not make payment since I already made it during the first sealing?

17.1. The IPU must be sealed free of charge. If you need verification or replacement of the IPU with a new one - at your expense.

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18. I own a private house (construction in progress), which is connected to a centralized water supply system. There is no centralized drainage system; there is a waterproof storage tank. LLC Vodokanal; demands payment for sewerage, citing the Federal Law on Water Supply and Sewage.

18.1. In this case, the water utility is demanding payment unlawfully. If there is no sewerage system, then the sewerage service is not provided and, accordingly, there is no reason to pay for a service not provided.

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19. We live on the 3rd floor of a 4th floor building. The drainage system on the 1st floor was clogged. The emergency service simply turned off the water for more than 4 hours without warning. What can you demand from housing and communal services? There is a small child in the apartment.

19.1. Hello Igor! Harm caused to the person or property of a citizen is subject to compensation in full by the person who caused the harm. What rights have been violated?

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20. I live in an apartment building, family of 2 adults and 2 children, debt for cold water supply and sanitation for 5 months. I received a notice to disconnect from the water supply system.

20.1. Submit an application and ask for an installment plan to pay the debt.

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In the apartment building there are debtors for housing and communal services; electrical supply refers to the general in-house engineering systems in a residential building, such as hot water supply, hot water supply, central heating and sewerage (WASTE)

I am the owner of an apartment in a panel house built in 1991. Until now

Is it true that when residents in an apartment building use a cold water supply connected to the cold water supply in the kitchen,

We live in a private house, the water comes from a well, so there are no water meters, and the water disposal goes into the city sewer system; we are required to pay for sewerage.

The house in which the property is located does not have cold water supply or sanitation systems.

The 80-apartment residential building is not connected to the centralized drainage system; the wastewater flows onto the terrain.

Do I have to pay for sewerage services if my house is not connected to a centralized sewer system and I clean the cesspool at my own expense?

I live in a rural area in a one-story apartment building. We recently had water installed in our house, but there is no drainage system.

In MKD, the form of management chosen is direct control. Can we hire a private person to service the heating system,

In an 8-apartment apartment building with a non-centralized drainage system (cesspool)

Is it possible to rent a room in a private house - 4 floors, room area - 35 m2 yes

Replacement of electrical wiring current repair or major

Current electrical wiring repairs

residential buildings includes partial replacement of internal electrical wiring of lighting and power electrical installations; re-tightening of sagging electrical wiring in staircases, cages, attics and underground areas; checking the grounding of cable sheaths, shields and shields; re-tensioning of overhead line wires with adjustment of the sag, as well as stretching loose bands and changing attachments for composite single-post supports; re-cutting and termination of cable ends; cleaning the contact surfaces of devices from oxides, lubrication and regulation of their mechanisms, changing the coils of electromagnets.

The housing stock of most cities and urban-type settlements is very heterogeneous in terms of technical condition. According to the accepted schemes, complexity, installation method and material of the electrical wiring of most residential and public buildings, the wiring differs significantly. In many residential buildings, due to the increased use of household electrical appliances, the wire cross-section does not correspond to the actual load. Overloading of electrical wires in residential buildings is one of the most significant reasons for the deterioration of wire insulation and leads to the need to repair electrical wires.

Input distribution device, installation

The input distribution device and the installation location of the ASU are installed in special rooms, according to the power supply project, at the input of the power cable and supplies the entire building with electricity. In residential buildings, this is most often the basement, where the splitting of the combined neutral conductor PEN is done, it is more convenient. Maintained by electrical technicians.

The ASU cabinet must be located at a distance of at least 1 meter from other communications. In an accessible, well-lit, ventilated area to ensure normal operation and maintenance.

The input and output of power cables is usually made from below, but when ordering services for the installation and assembly of electrical panels, you can make changes to the project. If the ASU needs to be powered from an overhead power line, then surge suppressors should be installed. The doors of the rooms where the input distribution device is installed must open outward.

If the building, house or other structure is large, it is recommended to install a separate ASU for each input. After them, additional distribution devices can also be installed - switchgear, with the necessary equipment for the operation of electrical receivers of individual apartments and premises. I bring to your attention a video:

Let's look at some elements of input distribution devices:

Busbars (conductive, N grounding, PE grounding), copper or aluminum. The wires are connected to the busbars using bolts and washers. A tool must be used to ensure a reliable connection.
Automatic switches, fuses. The rated current of circuit breakers is selected according to the electrical design, or calculated based on power. Designed to protect electrical wiring from overload, short circuits, overcurrents, etc.
Electricity meters. The name itself says why they are needed.
Voltage limiters, arresters. Protection against impulse overloads.
Voltmeters and ammeters. For visual monitoring of load current and voltage.
Wires and cables for switching electrical appliances. All wires must be insulated, multi-colored, according to GOST: N neutral - blue or blue PE earth - yellow-green L phase can be black.

Don't neglect this! The markings and color of the wire cores must be observed throughout the entire circuit, remember this!

Current and major repairs - what's the difference?

It is worth noting the cosmetic renovation. It is mentioned in the article. As a rule, these are light, non-essential jobs. This is a certain restoration of premises with the aim of externally improving its aesthetic condition. Cosmetic repairs include painting walls, ceilings, floors, doors, baseboards, laying laminate or other floor coverings, etc.

replacement of certain parts or certain devices due to wear;
replacement of technical equipment;
carrying out a number of specific works to improve the level of improvement of the premises inside (modernization);
repair of window sills, baseboards, slopes;
selection of a design project;
installation of plumbing, pipes;
wall preparation, painting;
laying parquet, laminate, tiles;
installation of ceilings, etc.

Replacement of electrical wiring in an apartment building 2020

Removing furniture with partial discarding, removing old flooring and, possibly, the floor itself, tearing off old wallpaper, dismantling old plumbing, interior doors... And this is just the beginning. Next on the schedule is the replacement of heating risers, hot water supply, hot water supply and sewerage, work on leveling walls, floors and ceilings, replacement of doors and windows, installation of new coatings for the same walls, floors and ceilings.

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In the case of laying cables in grooves, you can not use any pipes, but install the lines “as is” using plastic dowel clamps. In this case, however, the formal requirement for the replacement of wiring will be violated, but this requirement can actually be neglected in favor of labor productivity and lower cost of work.

Replacing electrical wiring in an apartment during a major renovation

And, in general, it must be admitted that for the level of electricity consumption of that time, all this was more than enough. After all, not even an electric kettle was available in every apartment back then. And the power of the latter, even if it was present, was incomparable with the power of modern fast-boiling examples.

Of course, changing the grounding system in a single apartment is an almost impossible task. In our apartment network, we can only lay an additional third wire, without connecting it in the apartment panel until the general building engineering networks are brought into compliance with the current requirements of regulatory documents. But this will still have to be done someday. And a major overhaul is the most appropriate moment for this.

Forum for electricians, installers, power engineers, designers

The house is planning a major overhaul of the electrical system. The project provides for the replacement of ASU, replacement of floor panels, replacement of automatic switches, replacement of inputs into apartments up to the apartment control panel. Nothing changes in the apartment itself, i.e. the two-wire system remains. And the question arose: is it necessary to switch from TN-C to TN-CS with the division of the PEN conductor into PE and N in the ASU or should the TN-C system remain. Thank you in advance.

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Replacing window units is a current or major repair

The task of current repairs is to renew the life of a structure without making major changes to its design; utility networks are also not subject to modifications. Current repairs do not require the creation of a separate project; they are more economical than reconstruction and overhauls, and are carried out in a shorter period of time.

The first of the listed points defines the term “Housing Maintenance Organization”. The resolution states that this includes maintaining the fully functional condition of windows, door structures, lighting fixtures, maintaining the sound and heat insulation characteristics of windows in accordance with standards, and periodically cleaning glass.

Current, planned and major repairs of electrical equipment

1. Check for the presence of lubricating oil in the bearings.
2. Measuring the insulation resistance of the windings with a megohmmeter.
3. Restoration of insulation at jumpers and output ends.
4. Check:

— serviceability of grounding;
— belt tension;
— correct selection of fuse links.

The timing and dates of planned repairs of electrical equipment are coordinated with several structural divisions of the organization: the instrumentation and automation service, repairmen, departments for servicing related equipment, departments that use this equipment according to their schedule, and power engineers.

Current and major repairs of wiring in the house

Repairing wiring in a house is usually carried out during a major renovation of the building. However, major wiring repairs may be required when installing some types of household appliances, for example, when installing an air conditioner. In this case, repairing the wiring may require replacing the type of cable and increasing the number of cores. Routine wiring repairs include activities to maintain all elements to ensure the functionality of the entire system. The repair of wiring equipment may include replacing some sections and checking the RCD.

All equipment installed in the house sooner or later has to be replaced during general repairs or due to the fact that some part has failed. That is why issues such as troubleshooting electrical wiring, repairing lighting wiring in the ceiling, repairing and replacing sockets, switches, wires, etc. will always be relevant. Do not forget that to perform any repair work you need to use specialized tools, the handles of which are equipped with an insulating coating.

Is it possible to carry out repairs earlier than planned?

It's no secret that major repairs are sometimes needed earlier than planned. Let’s say that utility networks in an apartment building need to be repaired now, but major repairs will only take place in 5 years, what in this case?

Theoretically, it is possible to carry out major repairs ahead of schedule, but in practice this is complicated by a number of reasons. Even if the repair deadline has been extended, it will not be urgent.

Let's look at Article 189 of the RF Housing Code. It says that before the beginning of the year in which major repairs of the house should be carried out, but no later than 6 months, the person who is responsible for the maintenance of the property of the house is obliged to notify all home owners, hold a general meeting to approve and agree on estimates, types of work, etc.

To start a major overhaul, you need to contact the management company to which the house is attached. Request an inspection of the communications network that is causing the most concern. If the company makes a decision about the unsatisfactory condition of the systems, then there will be an extraordinary overhaul, although not earlier than in six months.

GASK requirements for current electrical wiring repairs

In 2020, the inspection authorities drew attention to the fact that when announcing a competition for current repairs, the organizers establish a requirement for a category III license (last year this was not the case). This requirement appeared after consultation with the State Architectural and Construction Control (GASC).

The license states that the supplier has the right to work on the installation of utility networks and systems, including major repairs and reconstruction of power supply networks, including: 4) power supply networks and external electric lighting, internal electric lighting and electric heating systems.

At whose expense is the repair carried out?

Who pays for repairs in an apartment building is the most pressing issue. Pay attention to the receipt that is sent monthly with charges for utilities, namely the column “contributions for major repairs.” This is one of the sources of the formation of the fund from which payments for major repairs are made. However, this does not mean that the residents of the house pay monthly for repairs in their house and the amount accumulates until the date of its completion. The payment fund is common to all houses of the management company. Therefore, funds for repairs come from general money.

According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the owner bears all costs of maintaining the house. This norm has been enshrined in the code since 2005, but in fact the implementation of this payment began not so long ago. Minimum payments are established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are calculated for each square meter of property. For example, in Moscow the minimum payment is set at 15 rubles per square meter. Thus, the owner pays 350-1000 rubles monthly, considering that the average area of an ordinary Moscow apartment is 23-60 square meters.

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Current repairs to replace electrical wiring with all electrical appliances in

Current repairs to replace electrical wiring with all electrical appliances in the food service area in the Yakorek building. Installation of an exhaust system above the washing baths in the Yakorek building. Current repairs of ventilation in the catering unit in the Rucheyok building. Major repairs to replace window and door units in all buildings. Purchase of refrigeration equipment (refrigeration cabinet - 1 piece, chest freezer - 2 pieces) for the Yakorek building. Major renovation of the bathroom and food service area in the Yakorek building. Total. Types of jobs. Funds raised by MADO. Budget of the Perm Territory (subsidies). Total. 48000. 192000. 7440. 22320. 29760. 968610. 2905830. 3874440. 15786. 47358. 63144. 82080. 246240. 328320. 1234916. 3652657. 4867573. 144000. 113000. 266909. 379909.

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Replacement of electrical wiring current repair or major

2. You can make all the wiring in the apartment just for you. Each socket, lamp, switch and even the apartment panel will be located exactly where it will be convenient and safe for you. The number of sockets and lamps will also correspond to your needs; no tees or extension cords will be needed.

The most effective, but also the dustiest method of gating is using a grinder with a diamond blade. We punch holes for installing sockets and junction boxes using a hammer drill with a concrete bit. There is nothing to do here with the impact drills that are familiar to many. You should not forget about protective equipment: the grinder needs a casing, and the worker needs a respirator to protect the respiratory system. Safety glasses will also come in handy.

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