SNT is an abbreviation that stands for “garden non-profit partnership.” The organization allocates land plots (LPs) for economic or gardening activities. Like any other piece of real estate, such land must be registered with the cadastral authority, indicating the boundaries and buildings located on the site. Is it necessary to register such land plots? How to put SNT on cadastral registration, and what papers will be required to solve this problem? We will consider these and other questions below.
The need to register SNT in possession
The delineation of plots intended for general use is carried out to separate nearby plots of land. Work is also carried out in situations where a specific citizen owns the land. But in such a situation, a key condition must be met - access to the property used.
As for the need to register SNT in 2020, there is no clear answer. The laws of the Russian Federation do not contain a requirement stipulating the need to register such objects for cadastral registration. As a rule, the relevance of the design is determined individually after studying the characteristics of the site and the current situation.
If a person has papers in his hands that meet the requirements of the law, the lack of a cadastral passport is not a problem. But if you have free time, it is recommended to go through the necessary set of measures and obtain documentation that is relevant in 2020. If SNT is registered with the cadastral register, many difficulties can be avoided in the future, including with neighbors on the plot.
In most cases, the decision to re-register documentation is made at a general meeting of SNT participants. It is worth noting that in 2018, registration of collective joint property is not available. If a collective decision is made to register common lands in the possession of a legal entity, gardeners lose their existing shares and transfer them to the disposal of the new owner.
See also: Business in Russian
It is worth highlighting separately what collective joint property is. The current Federal Law No. 66 (Article 28) indicates one feature. All plots of land classified as general use must be transferred to the ownership of SNT without making a payment.
What to consider?
The process of registration of SNT begins with cadastral registration with government authorities. As soon as KV1 (special form) is in hand, work on land surveying is allowed. When implementing such activities, it is important to determine the attitude of other participants to the process.
The key point is the absence of controversial situations regarding the boundaries of SNT lands. In this case, a mandatory stage is a cadastral survey, after which an approval act is made. The document indicates the boundaries of the site and contains the signatures of the neighbors. The presence of a discrepancy between the actual boundaries of the site and the data from the general plan can lead to a number of problems in the future. In this case, the return of the memory is possible in two ways. The first is negotiations with people who illegally seized a piece of land. The second is radical and involves protecting interests through the courts.
How to register an individual housing construction project under the “dacha amnesty” in the Moscow region until 2020
The head of the URVISTA company, Alexey Petropolsky, notes that, compared to the previous wave of “dacha amnesty,” the current version is noticeably different. Now you can register a house as a non-residential building without a building permit and commissioning. In any case, you need:
Deadlines
The procedure for legalizing a dacha building involves conducting cadastral registration by contacting a cadastral engineer to prepare a technical plan for the building of the property and submitting it to the registering authority. Registration of rights is possible only if the cadastral registration of the object has been completed.
- GPZU (master plan of land) is issued free of charge. The service is completed within 20 working days, but a topographic survey of the site may be required (This will take another 10 working days and will cost approximately 22,000 rubles in the Moscow region) - in Moscow the application is submitted online through mos.ru, in the region through the MFC or through the portal public services of the Moscow region;
- SPOZU (site planning diagram), you can do it yourself or order it from a geodetic company (costs 8,000 rubles, completed in 2 business days).
Important! A necessary condition for the installation of buildings is the land plot on which the buildings are located that has been previously registered in the cadastre. If the land is not registered, first submit documents for the land, register the land plot, and only then can you submit documents for the house.
Technical plan
The dacha amnesty simplifies the paperwork procedure. What does it mean? When the amnesty expires, registering the building will require not only the provision of a technical plan, but also permission to put it into operation.
- document of title (order of an authority, certificate of inheritance rights issued by a notary, purchase and sale agreement, deed, agreement, certificate, extract from the household ledger, etc.);
- so that the purpose of the site is for personal subsidiary farming, dacha farming, vegetable gardening, gardening, individual garage or individual housing construction;
- application (can be submitted by both the person to whom the land was given and his heir).
This is true. As we told you, now summer residents have only two types of plots left: SNT and ONT (gardening non-profit partnerships and gardening non-profit partnerships). Vegetable garden plots are intended for vegetable gardens. It is impossible to build anything larger than a greenhouse there. On garden plots you can build full-fledged houses for year-round living.
What has changed in the registration of land plots allocated before October 30, 2001?
Until the end of 2020, houses on garden plots could be registered very simply: all that was needed was a title document for the land and an application. Since the beginning of 2020, Federal Law No. 218 “On Real Estate Registration” requires the mandatory presentation of a technical plan of the house.
- Dacha amnesty refers to several different provisions of the law. This is not one document, and everything is complicated.
- Land plots allocated on any basis before October 30, 2001 can be registered as ownership upon application and a document of rights. This is indefinite, nothing has changed.
- After August 4, 2020, new houses are built without permission, but by notification. The law was adopted a year ago, and it has not changed either.
- If the house began to be built before this date, it can be legalized by notification, without a permit for construction and commissioning. That is, if you began to build a house without permission, then it can be legalized without a trial. This order was extended until March 1, 2021 and is now called another dacha amnesty.
- Houses on garden plots that are not registered as property can be legalized without notification - according to the technical plan and declaration. But only until March 1, 2021. This is also a dacha amnesty, but it has its own nuances. Details are in the article.
- Notifications are not required for garages and outbuildings. They are drawn up according to the declaration and technical plan. It was like that before.
- The state fee for registering an amnesty property is 350 rubles. The cost of cadastral registration and technical plan is several thousand.
We recommend reading: Amnesty for Citizens of Tajikistan in 2020
How to register SNT for cadastral registration?
Now let's look at the issue regarding the registration of land plots. Before registering an unregistered plot of land for cadastral registration, it is worth preparing the following information:
- Schematic representation of the land plot taking into account the land surveying. The owners and plots that will be used jointly in the future are also indicated here.
- Information, confirmation of the possibility of using land plots. Here we are talking about papers for the use and provision of such sites.
- Information from the constituent documents of SNT.
The collected documentation is transferred to local authorities, and after surveying, a land management plan is drawn up. It indicates areas that are privately owned and classified as lands of joint use.
The rules for SNT indicate that individual privatization is allowed. At the same time, the transfer to personal or shared use of some objects is prohibited. For example, if SNT participants spent money on restoring a road, registration of shared ownership of the object is impossible. This is because it is already mentioned in the documentation.
See also: How to build a house without a building permit and legalize it?
Technical plan of a country house for cadastral registration in 2020-2020
The conditional name “Dacha Amnesty” was assigned to No. 93-FZ, which provided the population with the opportunity to simplify the registration of property rights in relation to certain categories of real estate. The Federal Law came into effect in 2006. The document reflected a simplified scheme for the legalization of dacha lands, without the participation of the applicant in numerous bureaucratic delays. It was enough for landowners to go to any representative office of Rosreestr to submit a personal passport and a cadastral plan of the area. Included with the listed files could be any paper indicating the legality of the applicant's application for land ownership. Initially, legislators did not limit the duration of the innovation. Not long ago it became known that the Federal Law will remain relevant until March 2020. This will only affect the legalization of property rights to land ownership and individual residential buildings.
What is needed to create technical plans?
For any separate capital building, a personal technical plan is formed in order to subsequently register the property with the State Property Committee. The application may be in digital format or provided in a printed version. The content of the technical plan includes graphic and text sections. Graphic applications are excerpts of information from the cadastral plan of the territory, which schematically shows the location of each of the buildings. Schematic representation of buildings is carried out by a cadastral engineer, who previously carries out topographic surveys of the area.
Also, until March 1, 2020, the validity period of the “dacha amnesty” has been extended for already constructed individual housing construction projects, that is, detached residential buildings with no more than 3 floors, intended for single-family residence.
We recommend reading: Trips for Pensioners Around the City and Outside the City
The procedure for registering SNT for cadastral registration - documents where to apply
To register SNT, you will need the following papers:
- Applicant's passport.
- Extracts from the cadastral authority.
- Documentation indicating that a person owns a plot of land in SNT. Such paper can be an extract from the book of the gardening society.
- Application (drawn up by the person who applies for registration).
- A check indicating payment of the state duty in full.
To put SNT on the cadastral register, you will need to survey the territory, after which registration in the cadastre is carried out. Land surveying issues are dealt with by a cadastral engineer who comes to the land plot after completing the necessary procedures. The result of his work is a technical plan indicating the storage limits.
Having the mentioned document in hand allows you to begin registration procedures. When submitting the application, you must have your passport and payment receipt on hand. The entire process of registering SNT for cadastral registration takes about 30 days.
Where to go?
A number of changes have been made to the Land Code of the Russian Federation, according to which the registration of dacha or other land plots is carried out without reference to a specific part of the country. It does not matter to the authorized bodies where exactly the plot is located. For example, the land may be near Perm, but it is allowed to register it even in Moscow.
In 2020, the following options for cadastral registration are highlighted:
- Through Rosreestr. When choosing this path, it is recommended to come to the authorized body in person or send a representative (there must be a notarized power of attorney). A complete package of papers is submitted to the authorized body (submitted against receipt). The registration structure will be allocated at least five days to review the documentation.
- Through MFC. In the process of receiving documentation from the client, the MFC employee also issues a receipt. Otherwise, the process is no different from what is discussed above. The downside is that the registration will take 2-3 days longer due to the need to transfer papers from the MFC to Rosreestr.
Procedure
To speed up the process and register an unregistered SNT plot with cadastral registration the first time, you should adhere to the following algorithm:
- We collect the papers discussed above and go with them to the cadastre authority (Rosreestr). We fill out an application with a request to register SNT.
- We pay the state fee at the cash desk on the territory of the institution. It is important to note that the amount of payments for ordinary citizens (individuals) and companies differs slightly.
- After paying the state fee, we hand over the check and other papers to the employee of the institution and take a receipt. The paper, as a rule, indicates the day the passport is issued for the loan. If there are no errors in the submitted documentation, registration takes up to 20 business days. In other situations, delays may occur.
- We take away the finished document confirming the fact of registration of SNT. Papers submitted for the registration process will not be returned.
See also: How to obtain permission to construct a non-residential building - instructions
Everything about the house and life in it
- Statement.
- Any documents confirming a person’s right to a land plot. This could be a purchase and sale agreement, a certificate of inheritance, an order from the local administration on the allocation of land (sometimes it is a piece of paper from the village council, issued half a century ago, on the allocation of a plot for use).
- Construction permit.
- Document confirming payment of state duty.
- A technical plan of a residential building prepared by a cadastral engineer. To prepare a plan, you must contact a cadastral engineer, who can be found either at the BTI or at a company providing such services.
"Dacha amnesty" 2020
If a dispute arises with neighbors, or there is a desire to sell the property, change it, donate it, or transfer it by inheritance, difficulties will arise: the building will have to be registered as the property, collected all the necessary papers and obtained permits.
If you once received a plot of land without documents, you can register it as property under an amnesty. If you built a house and did not legalize it, there is also a chance to do this without hassle and high expenses. Now there is more time for this. You can apply without panic.
Tax on SNT in 2020
Taxation issues concern all members of SNT. There are often cases when the tax is distributed equally among everyone, and benefits are not taken into account. To determine the nuances of transferring payments, it is necessary to study the papers confirming ownership. If specific citizens are identified among the owners, the burden of taxes is equally distributed among them. In the absence of such information, payments are made by the partnership.
When calculating fees, data from title documents is taken into account. If the land plot does not have a cadastral passport, and the plot itself is not registered, the amount of payments is determined taking into account the general regulations in force in the region.
Documents for cadastral registration of a land plot
Advice from lawyers:
1. What documents are needed to remove a land plot from cadastral registration.
1.1. Hello Elena Please contact the cadastral chamber with this question. There you will be given a list of documents that you need. Thank you for visiting our website. Always happy to help! Good luck to you.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
1.2. A land plot cannot be removed from the cadastral register, except in cases of annexation to another plot, but in this case land management work is required to establish boundaries in kind.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
Consultation on your issue
8
Calls from landlines and mobiles are free throughout Russia
2. There is a land plot that is not registered in the cadastral register, how to rent it without bidding for the sale of building materials and what documents are needed.
2.2. A land plot that is not registered in the cadastral register cannot be purchased for rent, since this territory (plot) cannot be the subject of sale, even with or without an auction, since it is not a real estate object, because it does not have a set area and boundaries, respectively It does not establish the type of permitted use and the resulting cadastral value. Contact the local administration with an application to provide a plot of land for rent, and there you will be referred by authority to the commissioner for land issues (in each region, these powers are vested not only in different officials, but also in organizations, and everywhere they are called differently, therefore information about where to apply must be clarified by location), and in general, in accordance with the Land Code and the Law “On State Registration of Real Estate”, the authority to register undemarcated state bodies for cadastral registration. or municipal property, incl. land plots are under the jurisdiction of local governments.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
3. I have a plot of land in SNT since 2001 with an area according to documents of 700 square meters. m. On three sides, neighboring plots are demarcated and are registered in the cadastral register; along the façade there is a road of public land. The chairman of the SNT signed the act of coordinating the boundaries. When surveying the site, the area turned out to be 738 sq.m. The cadastral registrar does not allow the surplus to pass through. What documents to provide for registration. The law on 10% on surplus land does not help. Thank you.
3.1. Cadastral registration of information about the boundaries of a land plot is carried out on the basis of an application and a boundary plan. In case of illegal refusal, you can appeal the decision of Rosreestr in court.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
3.2. Good evening! Yes, indeed, you can add an additional area of no more than 10% for free, the rest must be purchased from the administration in the order of redistribution according to Art. 39.28 Land Code of the Russian Federation. Redemption is approximately 15% of the cadastral value. Best wishes!
Did the answer help you?YesNo
4. I am selling a house. The land plot was registered in the cadastral register. What other documents do I need for land for sale? The house has everything. Thank you.
4.1. Lyubov Semyonovna, a cadastral passport for a plot is a mandatory document containing basic information about the land plot. If there is a building on the site, you must have a cadastral passport for the house.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
4.2. A document confirming your right to the plot is required. Such a document is an extract from Rosreestr.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
5. To register a residential building (built on a summer cottage) - registration and cadastral registration, title documents for the land plot are required. Please explain what kind of documents these are? And what else is required to design a residential building on a summer cottage?
5.1. Hello! Title documents are documents on the basis of which the land belongs. For example, a purchase and sale agreement. We need a technical plan for the house. Contact a cadastral engineer.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
6. I own a land plot on a leasehold basis on which I built a residential building, at the moment I have submitted all the documents to the cadastral engineer for the preparation of a technical plan, the cadastral engineer reported that my land plot intersects with another in this regard, to prepare a technical plan and It will not be possible to register it with the cadastral register until we clarify the boundaries of the land plot. Is he right?
6.1. Good afternoon. In this case, the engineer is wrong. Currently, the law (Federal Law “On State Registration of Real Estate”) does not provide grounds for suspending registration of rights due to lack of information about the boundaries of the site. Also not established. However, in order to avoid disputes with neighbors and authorities over the boundaries of land plots, you need to draw up a boundary plan of the territory, clarifying the boundaries of the site (Information from Rosreestr dated October 24, 2017). Otherwise, the risk of such disputes increases.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
7. According to our documents, our house is a multi-apartment, one-story, four-apartment house, but in fact it is a house for four owners with separate entrances and land plots for each. How to register ownership of a plot of land specifically for your apartment. The land plot is formed and registered in the cadastral register by the municipality.
7.1. Hello, Natalia! You have two options, the first: the land plot is registered under the house and you register ownership of it in the appropriate share (since the building is an apartment building, the land under it is in the common ownership of all apartment owners). The second option is longer: you transfer the apartment from the status of “apartment” to the status of “part of a residential building” (through the courts, and all neighbors must agree with you). In the future, you will arrange a separate plot for your apartment or allocate your share of the plot from an existing one.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
8. If the land plot is on the public map of Rosreestr, but the house is not, because it was not registered. But there are documents ~ a certificate of ownership for both the plot and the house with cadastral numbers. Is it possible to sell such a house with a plot or is it necessary to call cadastral engineers to stage the house.
8.1. Good afternoon, but the buildings are not displayed on the public map of Rosreestr... you can sell them. With respect to you, Evgeniy Pavlovich Filatov.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
9. After the death of my grandmother, I turned to a notary to register real estate under a will. It turned out that in those passports for the house there was a mistake in the name (Maria was written instead of Marina). The notary said that it would be possible to register the house under the dacha amnesty, because The documents for the land plot are in order. After receiving a certificate of right to inherit a land plot, I contacted the MFC. They said that the house was not registered in the cadastral register. What to do?
9.1. Hello! So, register your residential building with the cadastral register. Order a technical plan for connecting a residential building to a land plot. Contact a cadastral engineer.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
10. We carried out land surveying, submitted documents to the cadastral office to carry out cadastral registration of the land plot in terms of changing the area of the land plot (the land owned is 13 acres, with land surveying - 14 acres). The cadastral office issued an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate with the increased area registered, but there is no information about registered rights. How to register rights to a plot?
10.1. To establish the right, you need grounds - how you acquired the right to use the site - an agreement, an act of a local government body and a TD. with him - to Rosreestr.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
11. I am the owner of a land plot in the ST since 1997, among the supporting documents are: a certificate of ownership of the 1997 model, an annex to it (plan for the land plot), approval of boundaries. The certificate indicates the cadastral number of the old format. What actions must I take in order for my plot to be assigned a new cadastral number and accordingly put on the cadastral register?
11.1. Hello. You need to contact the cadastral center to clarify your question. It is possible that nothing needs to be changed, and the previously assigned cadastral number is valid.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
12. How and where to obtain land management documents for a municipal land plot that is not registered in the cadastral register. This area and surrounding areas are prone to flooding. There was a natural ditch running through the area of interest to drain groundwater, but one of the neighbors filled it up. It is necessary to find documents confirming the presence of a ditch.
12.1. Good afternoon. To find documents, you need to register this plot of land with the cadastral register. The district administration must do this at its own expense, if it is their land.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
12.2. The documents can be either in the municipality - a site plan, or in the cadastral chamber (Rosreestr) which keeps records of land plots.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
13. The land plot with residential buildings is in shared ownership of 2 people, one of which privatized its share under the simplified privatization system in 1994. One cadastral registration. What documents should I provide to privatize my share now?
13.1. Hello. First, you need documents that provide the basis for the emergence of your rights; submit an application for the transfer of ownership of your share to you.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
Consultation on your issue
8
Calls from landlines and mobiles are free throughout Russia
14. Please answer specifically. I have received boundary documents. I have a certificate of state registration of rights from 2013. And then I must contact the MFC to enter information about the previously registered land plot or to register it with the state cadastral register.
14.1. If the site is registered, then you need to contact to make changes. If not, then for cadastral registration.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
14.2. Hello! If the land plot is registered with the state cadastral register, then it is not necessary to register it. You need to submit an application to enter information into the State Property Committee on the boundaries of the land plot.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
15. I want to buy a garage. From the documents: ownership of the building and perpetual possession of the land. The documents were drawn up in February 1998. It was then that a cadastral number was assigned. When I contacted the cadastral registration service to obtain a cadastral passport, they told me that such a building was not registered with them and suggested that I go to court. What are my actions?
15.1. Hello, you really need to go to court, but from your words it is still unclear how exactly to formulate the requirements - you need to look at the documents. Most likely, this will be an application for entering information into the state cadastre.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
15.2. Hello, Oleg. To answer your question, you should study the documents in your case. If you need help resolving your issue, please contact me, I will be happy to help you.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
16. What documents are required to register a land plot on the basis of a court decision recognizing ownership of the land plot?
16.1. Anna, court decision, title documents for the land plot.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
17. We want to buy a plot of land from our neighbors. Agreements have been reached. What documents need to be prepared and where to submit them for renewal? Does the plot have to be registered in the cadastral register? How to put it there? Thank you.
17.1. To purchase, you need to draw up a purchase and sale agreement. This can be done by contacting lawyers. To complete this, you will need passports and property documents. To register your right - a purchase and sale agreement in three copies and a certificate from SNT.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
17.2. If everything is in order with the neighbors with title documents, then you need a purchase and sale agreement and an act of acceptance of transfer. Does the plot have to be registered in the cadastral register? Necessarily.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
17.3. It is not necessary to establish cadastral registration. The purchase and sale agreement is certified by a notary, and the documents are submitted to the Russian Register.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
18. Is it possible to submit documents to the MFC for cadastral registration of a land plot anywhere in Russia, or at the location of the land plot?
18.1. Hello! You can go to any one, but it’s better to go to the one that is located at the location of the land. plot.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
19. The situation is as follows: there is a plot of land owned for individual housing construction. a house was built without a building permit. An address for him was obtained from the local administration. Since July 2020, for cadastral registration, a building permit is a mandatory document in the package, as far as I understand. The question is, what to do? No one will give it to me in hindsight. To a house that has already been built (there is an address, they saw it) too. Go to court? with what claim?
19.1. Try applying for a dacha amnesty through a declaration.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
20. I divided the land plot into 2, registered it in the cadastral register and received postal addresses. I did not receive a certificate of ownership. Tell me, in what ways and what documents are needed in order to register 1 green plot as the property of my daughter?
20.1. Give according to a deed of gift.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
20.2. You can give the plot to your daughter after you have completed the ownership documents.
Did the answer help you?YesNo
I live in Crimea. Please tell me what documents must be provided in order to register a private house and the land plot underneath it?
I have such a situation to register a land plot, I paid for survey certificates,
I recently used the services of a land surveying engineer. My plot turned out to be smaller than according to the documents.
To register an inheritance, register 2 real estate objects (a plot under a house and a land share) with the cadastral register.
What documents are needed to remove a non-existent house on a plot of land from cadastral registration?
In March 2020, we bought a plot of land (for gardening) in Crimea. The previous owner already had a cadastral passport issued in accordance with Russian legislation.
A house was built on a plot of land leased to a spouse. Documents have been submitted for cadastral registration for registration of ownership.
Please tell me how to restore the canceled one according to the deadline (2 years have expired)
We bought a house with land. The boundaries of the land plot are marked, there are markings, topographic surveys, etc.
I want to take a plot next to a private house. I wrote an application to the administration in February 2015 for a 49-year lease for farming.
This is the situation we have. There was a need to sell a summer cottage with a house,
What documents are needed from the owners to register a land plot in the cadastral register if they live in another city.
Plot without land survey
Land surveying is a procedure in which the boundaries of a land plot are clearly established. To register land with the Cadastral Chamber, however, land surveying is not required. The procedure is mandatory for citizens who want to be confident in the safety of their property. Avoid encroachment by neighbors and other third parties.
But in practice, it is possible to register a land plot under certain conditions. First, the boundaries of the site are marked by a fence or other fencing. Secondly, the neighbors have no claims regarding the boundaries of the site.
To submit documents for registration of a land plot, the following documents will be required:
- identification document;
- document confirming land ownership;
- payment of state duty;
- technical plan for erected buildings or confirmation of their absence;
- a document that confirms that the site belongs to a certain type of land.
The citizen prepares the listed documents. Particular attention should be paid to the correctness and absence of errors. Otherwise, registration will be delayed. A citizen applies to the Cadastral Chamber, pays a fee and gets in line.
After 10 working days, the owner will be issued a cadastral passport. But the document will clearly indicate that the boundaries of the site are not defined. The final step will be to contact the Federal Registration Service. It is enough to present a passport, a document confirming ownership and pay the state fee.
IMPORTANT! If the papers are in order within a month, information about the site and the owner will be entered into Rosreestr.
Sometimes a situation arises where a citizen is denied registration of a land plot without land surveying. But, according to the legal framework, this is wrong. A citizen has every right not to determine the boundaries of his plot.
Why is staging necessary?
The Federal Law of the Russian Federation establishes that the registration of a residential building with cadastral registration is a confirming document of the existence of real estate and its owner. After completing the procedure, the owner can:
- dispose and possess legally;
- provide property as collateral when purchasing housing and obtaining a loan;
- leave possession as an inheritance;
- enter into a barter agreement;
- sell the house.
This database was created for the purpose of legal regulation of the number of land plots and rights to own garden houses. In addition, it is designed to protect owners from the resale of their property by third parties.
