Organizational and legal form of a housing cooperative

Today in our country there are people who are dissatisfied with their living conditions. There are not very many such citizens, but a decent number are scattered throughout the country.

Naturally, these people want to improve the conditions in which they live. For this purpose, they unite into communities or housing construction cooperatives. In the article we will talk about the concepts and types of housing cooperatives.

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Housing cooperative - what is it?

Today, the concept of housing cooperatives is clearly spelled out in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, namely in Article 110. Such associations are created by people themselves or legal entities of their own free will in order to pool their financial resources. This is usually done in order to engage in construction, major repairs or maintenance of the house in the future.

Thus, the cooperative is designed to satisfy the human need for living space. He can also manage residential and non-residential areas in a building type.

The housing cooperatives themselves also act as legal entities and are required to undergo the established registration procedure in accordance with Article 114 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

Having understood what it is, we move on to legal issues.

How to register?

The fact of the emergence of a housing cooperative as a legal entity is associated with the procedure for its registration in accordance with the legislation on state registration of legal entities (see Article 114 of the Code).

General rules on state registration are contained in Art. 51 Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

A unified procedure is determined by Federal Law No. 129-FZ “On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs”.

The Tax Inspectorate enters information into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The Unified State Register of Legal Entities is open to anyone.

The fee for state registration of housing cooperatives is 4,000 rubles (Article 333.33 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). State registration is carried out within no more than 5 working days.

Through the Federal Tax Service

Documents must be submitted to the tax office in person or by mail. When sending, do not forget to declare the value of the letter and make an inventory of the attachment. The applicant has the right to be:

Chairman of the Board (without power of attorney);
founders (at creation);
head of the founding legal entity;
bankruptcy trustee or head of the liquidation commission;
another person on the basis of a power of attorney or in cases provided for by the Federal Law.

The authorized person signs the application, indicates his passport data or information from another identification document, and his taxpayer identification number. The application is certified by a notary.

The registration authority issues a receipt of documents to the applicant or sends it by mail within the next business day with acknowledgment of receipt. You must also submit to the tax office:

minutes of the general meeting on the creation of a legal entity;
a notarized copy of the charter;
for foreign founders – documents provided by law;
document confirming payment of state duty.

The housing cooperative is considered created from the moment of its registration. After this, the founders become members of the cooperative.

Through MFC

You can also register a legal entity through the authorities of the MFC - a multifunctional center for the provision of state and municipal services.

All interaction with the tax authority will take place without the participation of the applicant. It is necessary to submit a set of documents to the MFC and appear at the appointed time to receive the result.

A payment document for state duty can be generated using a special service of the Federal Tax Service. Print it out and pay through any bank.

Depending on where the taxpayer submitted the documents, check the KBK code in the payment:

182 1 0800 110 – the service is provided by the tax authorities;
182 1 0800 110 – the service is provided by a multifunctional center.

Electronic

To apply online, take two steps:
buy a CEP - a qualified electronic signature,
download the program for preparing documents for state registration on the website nalog.ru

The application is filled out through the program. It must be printed, signed and scanned.

A “transport container” is being prepared on the website of the Federal Tax Service. To do this, select your CEP in the settings and open the application. The files are sent to the registration inspectorate.

The tax office will send a receipt for receipt of documents by email. If it is completed incorrectly, a notification will be sent. Don't worry, problems can be corrected.

After 5 working days, registration or refusal will be made. All documents certified by an electronic signature of a tax authority employee are sent to the applicant’s email address.

Legal status of a housing construction cooperative

As mentioned above, Article 110 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation clearly states that the housing cooperative is a voluntary association of Russian citizens or legal entities. Members of such a community have a clear goal of meeting the needs of people who need living space. Also manage the MKD.

If we recall the current legislation that regulates urban planning activities, we can be convinced that such communities always act as developers and take upon themselves the responsibility to ensure the proper construction or complete renovation of a house that is located on a plot of land owned by a housing cooperative.

If you want to join such a cooperative, you must first read Article 111 of the RF Housing Code . It says that:

People who have reached the age of 16 can become members of such an association.
Legal entities can also get here, although not always. The law clearly states the cases when this becomes possible.
Legal entities can easily get into a cooperative if they are the owners of housing located in a house owned by the association.

Zhsk Commercial Or Non-Profit Organization

Consumer cooperative

is a voluntary association of citizens based on share contributions in order to satisfy material and other needs. The income of consumer cooperatives from business activities is distributed among its members.

Limited partnership

is a partnership in which, along with general partners, there are one or more participant-investors (limited partners), who bear the risk of loss only within the limits of the amounts of contributions made by them and do not take part in the entrepreneurial activities of this partnership.
Limited partners receive a portion of the partnership's profits due to their share in the joint capital. 25 Jan 2020 etolaw 635
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Organizational and legal form

When creating an association, you should pay attention to Article 112 of the RF Housing Code. It states that the decision to create a housing cooperative must be made by a group of founders. These people must agree to join the cooperative and then vote on its creation. All these citizens become members of the newly formed community when it completely passes the state registration procedure.

The legal status of housing cooperatives is regulated not only by the Housing Code and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, but also by a special charter. Many judges, in general, believe that the main powers to carry out the activities of such a community and solve organizational problems belong to it. This happens because the legislation gives the right to the founders of the cooperative to introduce their own laws in the association they created. For such a document there is even a special article 116 in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and article 112 in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, which require the following to be written in it:

A clear name for the association, and the word cooperative must be present in it.
The exact address where this community can be found.
What the association does and what goals it sets for itself.
The procedure for joining should be followed by a person who wants to become a member of the cooperative.
Amounts of entrance and share fees.
A precise description of how the above contributions are to be made and where.
How can you leave the cooperative and receive a share contribution and other payments due in this case.
The degree of responsibility that will necessarily fall on the shoulders of a person who has violated the obligation to make share-type contributions.
The composition of the management of the cooperative and the level of its competence , and the same for the bodies that monitor the activities of the community.
In what order are various decisions made, including in matters where the verdict is made unanimously or by an overwhelming majority of votes?
The procedure by which cooperative members compensate for losses incurred in the course of their activities.
The procedure in which, if necessary, the cooperative will be reorganized or liquidated. It is possible to transform a housing cooperative only into a homeowners' association, as ordered by Article 122 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
Other provisions that will not contradict those prescribed by law.

Types of housing cooperatives and distinctive features

The Housing Code provides for two types of cooperatives of this type: housing cooperatives and housing cooperatives. Each has its own characteristics.

As has been repeatedly stated above, the housing cooperative sets itself the goal of providing living space for all its members and achieving this directly depends on the degree of share participation of each . This community will exist exactly until the house is completely completed and put into operation.

Further, it can continue to exist only in the form of a partnership, which will control and carry out all activities of a housing and communal nature. To organize something like this, you do not need authorized capital. Moreover, a member of such a cooperative does not at all undertake to take direct part in its activities and build the building on his own.

The total amount of the so-called share contribution depends on the needs of the community. They are determined by estimates for construction materials, construction labor costs, and other expenses. Overpayments for housing are minimized due to the absence of borrowed interest. Thus, overpayments relate only to ensuring the proper functioning of the cooperative during construction work.

A housing-savings cooperative is a relatively new phenomenon. There are no construction-type risks here, since the scheme provides for the purchase of ready-made residential space. When joining such a community, a one-time entry fee is required. Next, the participant is charged a monthly share fee.

After the membership fee has been paid, the amount that remains is provided to the WNC participant in the form of a kind of loan at a small interest rate of 2 to 6% per annum. The activities of such a community are never hidden from the people who are its members. Thus, a person in such a community always has the right to choose.

Various schemes that imply the dark side of money circulation do not work here under any pretext. This cooperative can choose almost any property for itself. It is impossible to liquidate such an association, even if only one person is its member.

Non-profit organizations

A feature of the estimate is the strict limitation of the items of expenditure of a non-profit organization and their coordination with the financial capabilities of the participants of the non-profit organization and donors. A feature of estimated financing is the expenditure of funds in strict accordance with the intended purpose of expenses and their limits established at the stage of distribution of available resources. Thus, the estimate is the main planning document for financing the expenses of a non-profit organization by its owner, participants or donors due to the peculiarity of its place and role in the socio-economic life of the state, since its activities are aimed at providing free public goods of a social nature. Unlike other financial plans drawn up in the form of a balance of income and expenses, the estimate reflects the one-sided nature of financial relations with external sources of financing, expressed in the expenditure of funds received.

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Determining the amount of general business expenses is based on the principles of financing, as are the expenses for individual programs and projects. In the absence of income from business activities, the amount of general business expenses cannot exceed 20% of the total cost of the targeted programs and projects being implemented . Based on the given funding limit, the planned value for each item of general business expenses is determined. If a non-profit organization has income from business activities, then the profit , based on the provisions of the law “On Non-Profit Organizations”, is a targeted source of financing . Therefore, when determining the financial result, a non-profit organization is obliged to pay income tax, and then use the remaining net profit as a source of covering expenses related to the goals of its activities. No more than 20% of net profit can be used to finance business expenses from net profit if the non-profit organization carries out any social programs or projects, or in the amount determined by the supreme governing body (meeting of participants, board of trustees, etc.). Thus, the procedure for planning current expenses is similar to the procedure for determining expenses for ongoing programs or projects: first, the permissible amount of current general business expenses (financing limit) is determined, and then the amount of each item of these expenses is determined. The level of detail of expense items is also determined by the organization itself.

Differences between housing cooperatives and other forms of management of apartment buildings

Each form of management has its own positive and negative sides, as well as features. For example:

A housing cooperative and a housing construction cooperative are almost the same thing. . Entry rules, management structure, membership fees, etc. completely identical to housing cooperatives. The only difference is that such a cooperative is created not when the house is under construction, but when it has already been built and needs to be put in order. This community is called upon to carry out management functions, and thus improve the living conditions of the citizens who live in this apartment building.
How does a housing cooperative differ from a homeowners' association? The HOA, unlike the housing cooperative, also does not engage in the construction of apartment buildings; its scope of activity is similar to the residential complex . Typically, such a community is formed by home owners, which can be apartments or private houses on neighboring plots (see how to buy an apartment in a housing cooperative). It is organized for the purpose of joint management or conducting coordinated economic activities in an apartment building or on land owned by members of the partnership. As part of this, the exploitation of common property, the construction of additional buildings or objects that will act as common property for all people in the HOA can be carried out. Common property or its objects can be rented out if the meeting decides so.

And the differences from DDU are described in detail here. Now you can decide for yourself which is better.

More details about the duties of the chairman are written in another article.

Zhsk Commercial Or Non-Profit Organization

Members of a consumer cooperative are required to cover the resulting losses through additional contributions within three months after the approval of the annual balance sheet. If this obligation is not fulfilled, the cooperative may be liquidated in court at the request of creditors.

The forms of activity of a consumer cooperative can be very diverse, the main thing is that it is a non-commercial activity

aimed at meeting the material and other needs of shareholders.
For example, the easiest way is to organize the delivery and delivery of everyday goods for your shareholders and their family members. The method is simple: organize the collection of share capital from shareholders, use this money to purchase, bring and issue goods, and, moreover, issue goods at purchase prices (note: not sell, but issue).
Costs associated with the import, short-term storage and delivery of goods (transport, etc.) are borne by the shareholders themselves in proportion to the total cost of the goods issued to them for the month.

The concept of housing cooperatives and the scope of activity

The sphere of competence of housing cooperatives includes:

concluding agreements with contractors for the construction of an apartment building in order to provide housing for cooperative members , further maintenance and repair of the constructed building and common property;
maintaining premises owned by housing cooperatives in a condition that satisfies fire, sanitary and technical standards , insuring them against possible risks and accidents;
leasing premises of an apartment building for offices and commercial firms;
providing various services to apartment owners and tenants of premises , including issuing certificates, putting things in order, carrying out routine repairs, representing the interests of owners in court, etc.;
determining the share of owners and issuing them the corresponding receipts for payment of utilities, as well as collecting fees from tenants for the use of premises;
monitoring compliance with contractual obligations by cooperative members, contractors, tenants of residential premises and filing claims in case of failure to fulfill the clauses of the contracts they have concluded;
formation of a house management with entrusting it with the right to manage finances and conduct audits of the activities of housing cooperatives at established intervals;
resolution of emerging issues at a general meeting of members of the housing cooperative , the representative of which is the elected board of the cooperative, headed by the chairman.

This organization of homeowners belongs to consumer cooperatives and has the status of a legal entity (Article 110 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Chapter 4 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Housing cooperative from scratch: how to organize a cooperative and not run into scammers

Photo: Ivan MAKEEV

But there are also risks from which it is advisable to insure yourself. Especially when it comes to benefits from the state. “KP” figured out how to properly organize a housing construction cooperative (HBC) without becoming a victim of scammers.

Cooperative by law

The chairman of the Raduga housing construction cooperative in Krasnoyarsk, Natalya Olkhova, suspected something was wrong in the activities of the intermediaries. Fearing fraudulent schemes, she turned to the housing development institute DOM.RF with a request to understand the current situation.

The woman fell for the trick of scammers who positioned themselves as a charitable organization with extensive experience in obtaining land under the Housing Development Act. In fact, however, she did not provide any real help.

Experts urge caution here. In fact, citizens who decide to unite into a housing construction cooperative can go through all the necessary stages, including obtaining a plot of land, without involving dubious intermediaries.

Let us recall that one of the tasks of the development institute is to involve federal land plots in circulation, including the free transfer of them to housing cooperatives in accordance with the law on promoting the development of housing construction (161-FZ). This reduces the cost of housing construction by 20-50%. Thanks to this, housing construction cooperatives have the opportunity to minimize risks and improve the quality of houses being built.

The scheme of actions for organizing housing cooperatives is prescribed in this law. It provides that cooperative members independently organize and control construction work and the expenditure of funds, choosing responsible contractors and optimizing costs.

In order not to fall into the “clutches” of unscrupulous companies who will happily provide all the necessary services and give recommendations for creating a housing cooperative for your money, when organizing it you need to understand the basic rules and act thoughtfully - step by step.

Step 1. Who can become a participant?

— Housing cooperatives can be created only from among persons belonging to the categories established by law and Government Decree dated 02/09/2012 No. 108, including teachers, military personnel, scientists, citizens with many children and other social categories, and included in the lists formed by authorized bodies and organizations . For example, lists of citizens with many children are maintained by regional government bodies, lists of university employees are coordinated with the Russian Ministry of Education and Science.

In the case of the Oasis housing cooperative, the lists were approved by the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, says Oleg Pastunov, deputy chairman of the Oasis housing cooperative, Krasnodar.

Participation by people not included in the lists is not permitted.

Step 2. Creation of a housing cooperative

Viktor Shtykov, a legal consultant and participant in the Golubinaya Pad housing cooperative in Vladivostok, explains that the creation of a cooperative operating on the basis of 161-FZ takes place in almost the same order as the organization of a regular cooperative.

Future members of the cooperative gather, make an appropriate decision, and document this decision with a protocol. The charter and legal address of the sole executive body are approved and the cooperative is registered with the tax office.

True, there are nuances.

Firstly, a standard charter is provided for the activities of such a cooperative. (Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 06.06.2012 No. 558). The presence of a standard charter allows us to guarantee the rights of all members of the housing cooperative, the transparency of all activities of the cooperative, and eliminate the situation that they “forgot” to include something in the charter. Also, citizens do not need to involve a professional lawyer to develop a charter.

Secondly, the standard charter stipulates that the number of citizens in a cooperative cannot exceed the number of residential premises under construction.

“Thirdly, the housing cooperative cannot be liquidated until the construction of all residential premises is completed,” Shtykov warns.

Step 3. Transfer of the plot

An authorized person (federal ministry, subject of the Russian Federation or organization established by 161 Federal Law) sends a petition for the transfer of a housing cooperative plot to DOM.RF.

- In case of a positive decision between the DOM. The Russian Federation and the cooperative enter into an agreement for the free use of a land plot,” explains Viktor Shtykov.

Step 4. Construction

— The housing cooperative independently determines the contractor for construction. It is important to remember that only a company that meets the requirements established by 161 Federal Law can become such a contractor. The housing cooperative controls the contractor at all stages of the work. - Oleg Pastunov .

The advantages of such a housing construction cooperative are obvious, Pastunov admits. According to him, more than 15 hectares of land were transferred to their housing cooperative free of charge. Currently, all 83 houses have been built. As a result, housing cost people 25% less than if they had bought it at market value.

“The disadvantage is that the members of the housing cooperative have no experience in such projects - so this is such a tasty morsel for scammers and we fill the trouble ourselves,” sums up Pastunov .

Photo: Ivan MAKEEV

Tips for beginners

Key tips from those who already have experience in creating such housing cooperatives:

- do not trust people who promise to “organize everything for you.”

- do not pay to persons who promise assistance, since all procedures for inclusion in the list and obtaining free use of a land plot are absolutely free.

-be vigilant and carefully study all documents,

-cooperate only with conscientious contractors (even if they are not the cheapest),

If you follow these rules and know your rights, then the savings that can be felt by receiving land for free use will be worth all the effort spent by the housing cooperative participants in building a house.

Legal aspects of the functioning of a housing construction cooperative

Housing cooperatives are created by citizens on a voluntary basis; the ultimate goal of their formation is to provide participants with housing. The construction of real estate is carried out with funds contributed by members of the organization. Citizens have the right to register ownership of an apartment after full payment of all contributions to the housing cooperative (we talked about the grounds for the emergence of ownership of an apartment in the housing cooperative and the procedure for its registration here).

Participation in the cooperative is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age and legal entities with a total number of five and a maximum equal to the number of apartments in the building under construction. The decision to create an organization of homeowners is made at a general meeting of participants using a voting system with mandatory recording of the results in the minutes. Read more about who makes the decision to organize a housing cooperative and how its registration takes place here.

The position of housing cooperatives in the legal sphere is determined by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation , as well as by the Charter of the cooperative, which has primary significance in the judicial proceedings of disputes arising between the participants of the cooperative, its board and third-party organizations.

Members of the housing cooperative bear full responsibility and fulfill the obligations assigned to them in accordance with the signed agreements (read about what an agreement with a housing cooperative is and how it is drawn up here, and in this article we talked about what it means to purchase an apartment under an agreement with a housing cooperative and whether it will work out apply for a mortgage). Losses arising during the construction of the house must be covered within three months by making additional contributions, otherwise the cooperative will be liquidated by court decision.

Participation and registration of property

When joining a cooperative, a citizen pays an entrance share fee. The charter may provide for membership fees.

A member of the cooperative registers ownership on the basis of a participation agreement, a receipt or any other document confirming payment of the share contribution, a certificate of no debt to the cooperative and an act of acceptance and transfer of housing.

In case of leaving the cooperative, its members send to the arbitration court a signed application for the return of finances or a petition for the transfer of real estate ownership.

Find out how a cooperative is run in our small section.
You can download the charter and see what should be in it here.
Separate articles are devoted to the procedure for creating and liquidating a cooperative

Organizational form

A housing construction cooperative is voluntarily created by citizens to satisfy their material and other needs with the help of share contributions, which classifies it as a consumer cooperative organization under the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Housing cooperative is a non-profit enterprise; making a profit is not the main activity, but can be carried out legally in the process of work. The cooperative has the right to lease residential premises belonging to it to third parties. Funds received in this way are divided among shareholders.

The rights and obligations of the housing cooperative must be described in detail in the main constituent document - the Charter of the cooperative (Resolution No. 558, approving the standard Charter of the housing cooperative). Read about the functions of the Housing Cooperative Charter and the rules for its preparation here.

Commercial and non-profit organizations

A limited liability company (LLC) is a type of capital association, and members of the company are not required to participate in the affairs of the company. The characteristic features of this legal form of enterprise are: the division of its authorized capital into shares of participants and the absence of full liability of the latter for the obligations of the enterprise (firm). Participants in a limited liability company do not bear property liability for its debts, and their risk lies only in the possibility of losing their investments in the authorized capital.

Profits and losses are distributed among the participants (founders) usually in proportion to their shares in the share capital, however, another distribution procedure may be provided for at their request in the constituent documents. Any attempts by participants (founders) of a general partnership to enter into agreements to limit or eliminate the liability of the partnership for its obligations are illegal, and the agreements are invalid.

Legislative acts regulating work

Chapter 11 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation considers issues related to the organization and further functioning of the cooperative , namely:

the reason for creation and planned activities;
the procedure for registration, convening a general meeting of members, election of the board and chairman;
requirements for management and members of housing cooperatives;
the purpose of creating the audit commission and the responsibilities assigned to it;
sequence of reorganization and liquidation.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation in Chapter 4, paragraph 6, paragraph 2, establishes the existence of housing cooperatives as a consumer cooperative.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 558 approves the standard Charter of the housing cooperative and the information required to be reflected in it:

name of the organization and place of territorial location;
goals of creation and tasks performed;
rules for obtaining membership and leaving the housing cooperative;
the amount and frequency of making share contributions (more information about the procedure for making share contributions and the need to obtain a certificate of their payment can be found here);
the procedure for electing the leadership of the cooperative and the functions it performs (read about what is the highest management body of the housing cooperative here, and in this material we talked about the responsibilities of the chairman of the cooperative, about concluding an employment contract with him and about solving possible problems);
holding meetings of participants, voting to make decisions and monitoring their implementation;
actions of participants in the event of reorganization and liquidation of housing cooperatives.

What is a consumer cooperative and its features

The regulatory framework in Russia related to consumer cooperation is represented primarily by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which gives a general definition of a consumer cooperative, and also reveals the main provisions regarding such a legal association and outlines some of the responsibilities of its members.

issues of creating a consumer cooperative;
features of membership in such an organization;
structure of the consumer cooperative, including management bodies;
composition of the company's property;
nuances of the work of consumer cooperatives, including issues of reorganization, liquidation and unionization.

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Difference from other non-profit associations for managing apartment buildings

Housing cooperative (LC). The procedure for organizing, obtaining membership by citizens and making share contributions are identical to those in the housing cooperative. It differs from housing cooperatives in that there is no stage of building a house.

They purchase housing in a constructed building, invest money to pay for the purchase of an apartment, bring the apartment building into a condition suitable for living and further maintain private and common property in accordance with fire, sanitary and other standards (Article 110 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation).

Homeowners' Association (HOA). Created by citizens who already own apartments for joint management of common property. An HOA can unite residents of both one house and several nearby buildings to restore order in the subordinate territory and construct objects that are subsequently rented out.

The organization of an owners' association becomes possible with the participation of more than half of the apartment owners. Decisions are made at a general meeting of members, and the legal basis for activities is the Charter of the HOA (Article 135 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation).

Equity Participation Agreement (EPA). Despite the similarity in the principle of uniting people in need of housing, preschool and housing cooperatives have significant differences :

mandatory registration of the DDU agreement, which excludes the appearance of several owners of the apartment;
the cost of square meters that does not change during the construction process and a fixed completion date for construction with shared participation;
the possibility of moving into an apartment for shareholders only after full payment of all contributions;
full refund of the amount of money and payment of a penalty upon termination of the contract, full access to information before signing the documents.

Membership in the housing cooperative has a number of advantages for citizens who want to participate in the purchase of housing, starting from the construction stage. Before signing the documents, you should take into account all the nuances of the activities of housing cooperatives and other associations of owners, choosing which option is better. More information about the pros and cons of housing cooperatives and possible risks when purchasing an apartment in a new building under a housing cooperative agreement can be found here.

Responsibility

According to legislative amendments dated July 13, 2020 N 236-FZ, at the request of the participants of the housing cooperative is obliged to provide:

Information about the number of members of the cooperative, the location of the house under construction, the planned number of residential premises, landscaping elements and the expected time frame for commissioning.
Charter, rights to a land plot, project documentation, expert opinion.
Minutes of general meetings, voting ballots and documents on their results.

Attention! To monitor the financial and economic activities of the cooperative, an audit commission is elected at the general meeting.

This body is headed by a chairman (auditor). The operating procedure and rights of such a regulatory body are determined on the basis of the Charter and the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

Membership in the housing cooperative has a number of advantages for citizens who want to participate in the purchase of housing, starting from the construction stage. Before signing documents, you should study the nuances of the creation and operation of a housing cooperative, since even a legally competent conclusion of an agreement is not a guarantee of protection from fraudsters.

>Useful video

Watch a video about what housing cooperatives are: